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First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline
The First Vienna Mountain Spring Pipeline (I. Wiener Hochquellwasserleitung) is a 120-kilometer aqueduct built from 1869 to 1873 that carries untreated Alpine spring water to Vienna entirely by gravity.
Fixed-end moment
The fixed-end moment is the bending moment at the end of a beam restrained against rotation at both ends, the starting point for slope-deflection and moment distribution analysis.
Flaming Gorge Dam
Flaming Gorge Dam is a concrete thin-arch dam on the Green River in northeastern Utah, built by the Bureau of Reclamation between 1958 and 1964.
Flaming Gorge Reservoir
Flaming Gorge Reservoir is a reservoir on the Green River in northeastern Utah and southwestern Wyoming, impounded by Flaming Gorge Dam, which was completed in 1962.
Flash lock
A flash lock, also called a staunch lock, is a movable barrier in a river weir, opened to release a rush of water that carries boats through.
Flip bucket
A flip bucket, also called a ski-jump or trajectory bucket, is a curved structure at the end of a spillway that throws high-velocity water upward as an aerated free jet.
Flood barrier
A flood barrier, also known as a storm surge barrier or hurricane barrier, has movable gates closed against storm surge while letting ships pass and tides flow in normal conditions.
Flood barrier failure and maloperation
Flood barrier failure and maloperation covers documented failures of movable flood barriers and gates, including automation errors, missed alarms, corrosion, and power loss during storms.
Flood control dams in Japan (chōseichi)
Flood control dams in Japan, called chōseichi, are reservoir dams at least 15 m tall whose storage is reserved to absorb flood peaks; about 793 serve flood control under MLIT.
Flood control in the Netherlands
Flood control in the Netherlands is the system of dikes, dunes, dams, and storm surge barriers protecting a low-lying country where 26% of the land lies below sea level.
Flood fighting
Flood fighting is the set of emergency actions taken during a flood to keep defenses intact and divert water, such as patrolling levees and sandbagging.
Flood Insurance Rate Map
A Flood Insurance Rate Map is a FEMA map of a community's flood hazard zones and Base Flood Elevations, used for insurance rating and floodplain management since 1968.
Flood prevention
Flood prevention covers structural defenses (dams, levees, drainage), nature-based solutions, land-use regulation, insurance, and early warning systems used to reduce flood risk; by 2050, 1.6 billion people are projected to be at risk of flooding.
Flood risk management plan
A flood risk management plan (FRMP) is an EU document under the 2007 Floods Directive setting out each Member State's flood prevention, protection, and preparedness measures.
Floodgate
A floodgate, also known as a stop gate or crest gate, is a movable barrier across a waterway or spillway, normally held open and closed during flood threats.
Floodplain buyout
A floodplain buyout is a government purchase of flood-prone private property from willing sellers; structures are demolished and the land is restricted to open space.
Floods Directive
The Floods Directive, Directive 2007/60/EC, is a 2007 European Union law obliging member states to assess flood-prone areas, map hazards and risks, and produce management plans on six-year cycles.
Floodwall
A floodwall is a long, narrow barrier of reinforced concrete or masonry built to protect land from flooding; an earthen version is usually called a levee.
Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapse
The Florida International University pedestrian bridge collapse killed six people in Miami on March 15, 2018, when a partially built bridge fell onto SW 8th Street.
Flow coefficient
The flow coefficient (Cv) measures a valve's hydraulic capacity, defined as the US gallons per minute of water at 60 °F passing through it at a 1 psi drop.
Flow net
A flow net is a graphical solution for two-dimensional steady flow through porous media, used in geotechnical engineering to compute seepage, pore pressures, and exit gradients.
Fluor Corporation
Fluor Corporation is an American multinational engineering, procurement, and construction company headquartered in Irving, Texas, founded in 1912 in Santa Ana, California, to build large industrial, energy, and government projects.
Fluoride toxicity
Fluoride toxicity, also known as fluoride poisoning, is the harm caused by excessive fluoride, chiefly from drinking water, leading to dental fluorosis, skeletal disease, and reduced childhood IQ.
Flush toilet
A flush toilet, or water closet, is a sanitation fixture that removes waste from a bowl by flushing it with water through a water-sealed trap into a drain.
Fly ash
Fly ash is the finely divided residue from burning powdered coal in power plants, used in concrete as a pozzolan that reacts with lime to form additional cementitious compounds.
Folsom Dam
Folsom Dam is a 340-foot concrete gravity dam on the American River near Folsom, California, completed in 1956 to control floods and store water for Sacramento.
Folsom Lake
Folsom Lake is a reservoir on the American River northeast of Sacramento, California, created by Folsom Dam in 1956 for flood control, water storage, and recreation.
Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas
Fomento de Construcciones y Contratas (FCC) is a Spanish construction and services group in Madrid, working in environmental services, water, and infrastructure, controlled by Carlos Slim.
Fontana Dam
Fontana Dam is a 480-foot hydroelectric dam on the Little Tennessee River in western North Carolina, built by the Tennessee Valley Authority during World War II to power aluminum production.
Fontana dell'Acqua Felice
The Fontana dell'Acqua Felice, also called the Fountain of Moses, is a monumental fountain in Rome built in 1587 as the terminal of the Acqua Felice aqueduct.