3,135 articles
Checkpointing
Checkpointing is the practice of periodically saving a program's state so that after a failure it can restart from the last saved point rather than from the beginning.
ChEMBL
ChEMBL is a manually curated database of bioactive, drug-like small molecules, with 2-D structures, calculated properties, and bioactivity data, maintained at EMBL-EBI and first released in 2009.
Chemical language model
A chemical language model (CLM) is a neural sequence model that treats molecular structures as text strings, used in drug discovery for property prediction, virtual screening, and molecule generation.
Chemical reaction optimization
Chemical reaction optimization is a population-based metaheuristic that mimics molecular reactions, introduced by Albert Lam and Victor Li at the University of Hong Kong in 2009.
Chemprop
Chemprop is an open-source Python package, built on PyTorch, for predicting molecule and reaction properties from structure with directed message-passing neural networks, known for helping discover the antibiotic candidate halicin.
ChemSpider
ChemSpider is a free online chemical structure database owned by the Royal Society of Chemistry since 2009, holding over 120 million structures from hundreds of data sources.
CheXpert
CheXpert is a large public dataset of chest radiographs for training AI interpretation models, with 224,316 X-rays from 65,240 patients at Stanford Health Care, released in 2019.
CHGNet
CHGNet (Crystal Hamiltonian Graph neural Network) is a machine learning interatomic potential from UC Berkeley that predicts energy, forces, stresses, and magnetic moments for inorganic crystals.
Chief data officer
Chief data officer (CDO): also chief data and analytics officer (CDAO), a senior executive responsible for data utilization and governance. First appointed at Capital One in 2002; spread from banking to most industries and government, with data governance and AI now its top priorities.
Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office
The Chief Digital and Artificial Intelligence Office (CDAO) is a United States Department of Defense organization for adopting data, analytics, and artificial intelligence, established in 2022.
Children's Online Privacy Protection Act
The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act, or COPPA, is a 1998 United States federal law requiring verifiable parental consent before websites collect personal information from children under 13.
Chimp optimization algorithm
The chimp optimization algorithm (ChOA) is a swarm-based metaheuristic for continuous optimization, introduced by Khishe and Mosavi in 2020 and modeled on chimpanzee group hunting.
Chinese passport
The Chinese passport (中华人民共和国护照), formally the People's Republic of China passport, certifies a Chinese citizen's identity for travel abroad; it comes in ordinary, diplomatic, and service types.
Chinook (checkers program)
Chinook is a checkers program developed at the University of Alberta from 1989, the first program to win a human world championship in a game of skill.
Chirp
A chirp, also called a chirp signal, is a signal whose frequency sweeps continuously with time, used in radar pulse compression, FMCW automotive sensors, sonar, and LoRa communications.
CholecSeg8k
CholecSeg8k is an open dataset of 8,080 frames from 17 clips of the Cholec80 gallbladder surgery video dataset, pixel-annotated for 13 classes and released on arXiv in December 2020.
Chronon (feature platform)
Chronon (airbnb/chronon) is Airbnb and Stripe's open source end-to-end ML feature platform, formerly Zipline, providing point-in-time-correct backfills, low-latency online serving, and online/offline consistency monitoring; used by Airbnb, Stripe, OpenAI, Netflix, and Uber.
CI/CD for data
CI/CD for data applies continuous integration and continuous delivery (DataOps, dbt CI, schema migration tooling) to analytics pipelines, databases, and ML systems, adding schema versioning, data quality testing, and snapshot practices beyond ordinary software CI/CD.
CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model
The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) is a formal ontology for cultural heritage documentation, developed by CIDOC since 1996 and an ISO standard since 2006.
CIFAR-10
CIFAR-10 is a dataset of 60,000 small color images in 10 classes, created by Alex Krizhevsky, Vinod Nair, and Geoffrey Hinton as a standard machine learning benchmark.
CINAHL
CINAHL, short for Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, is a bibliographic database owned by EBSCO that indexes over 5,500 journals in nursing and allied health back to 1937.
Circuit complexity
Circuit complexity is the branch of complexity theory that studies the minimum size and depth of Boolean circuits computing Boolean functions, and its ties to Turing-machine computation.
Circuit simulation
Circuit simulation is the numerical solution of the differential equations describing an electronic circuit, predicting voltages and currents before hardware is built; SPICE-class simulators combine DC, small-signal, and transient analysis and became the worldwide standard.
Circular buffer
A circular buffer, also called a ring buffer or cyclic buffer, is a data structure with a fixed-size buffer whose end wraps to its beginning, so data streams through a fixed allocation indefinitely.
CiteSeerX
CiteSeerX, also known as CiteSeer or ResearchIndex, is an open-source digital library and citation index for scientific papers, launched in 1998 and a predecessor of Google Scholar.
Cityscapes (dataset)
Cityscapes is a computer vision dataset and benchmark of 5,000 pixel-annotated urban street images from 50 cities, introduced in a 2016 CVPR paper by Marius Cordts and colleagues.
CKKS
CKKS (Cheon-Kim-Kim-Song) is a homomorphic encryption scheme proposed in 2017 that performs approximate arithmetic on encrypted real and complex numbers, making it the standard choice for encrypted machine learning.
Class activation mapping
Class activation mapping (CAM) is a visualization technique for convolutional neural networks, introduced by Bolei Zhou and colleagues in 2016, that produces heatmaps highlighting image regions driving a prediction.
Class diagram
A class diagram, or UML class diagram, is a static structure diagram in the Unified Modeling Language showing a system's classes, their attributes and operations, and their relationships.
Classification Algorithms
Classification algorithms are supervised machine learning methods assigning feature vectors to predefined classes, including SVM, random forests, GBDT, kNN, logistic regression, and neural networks; benchmarks show no single best classifier, with performance depending on the dataset.