3,135 articles
Color correction
Color correction is an image processing method that adjusts pixel colors in a digital image to remove the cast imposed by scene illumination, as in camera auto white balance.
Color normalization
Color normalization is an image processing method that adjusts an image's color distribution to match a reference, reducing variation from staining, scanners, and tissue reactivity in digital pathology.
Column generation
Column generation is an optimization method that solves linear programs with very many variables by iteratively adding useful columns, used for cutting stock and vehicle routing.
Columnar storage
Columnar storage (column store, Decomposed Storage Model) lays each table column's values contiguously on disk, unlike row stores. It powers OLAP with 5-10x compression, zone maps, predicate pushdown, late materialization; Parquet, ORC, Arrow; weak for writes and full-row reads.
Combinatorial optimization
Combinatorial optimization is the branch of optimization that finds a best object, such as a route, schedule, or matching, from a finite set of discrete candidate solutions.
Combined DNA Index System
The Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) is the FBI's program of DNA databases that lets forensic laboratories exchange profiles and link crimes to known offenders.
Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés
The Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CNIL, National Commission on Information Technology and Civil Liberties) is France's independent data protection authority, created by law in January 1978.
Common Logic
Common Logic, standardized as ISO/IEC 24707, is a family of logic-based languages for representing and exchanging information among disparate computer systems, with dialects including CLIF, CGIF, and XCL.
Common Objects in Context
Common Objects in Context (COCO) is a large-scale image dataset for object detection, segmentation, and captioning, introduced by Microsoft Research and university researchers in 2014.
Common spatial pattern
Common spatial pattern (CSP) is a supervised signal processing method that computes spatial filters separating two classes of multichannel signals, used mainly in motor-imagery brain–computer interfaces.
Common Warehouse Metamodel
Common Warehouse Metamodel (CWM), also known as ISO/IEC 19504, is OMG's metamodel for interchanging warehouse and business intelligence metadata across tools, built on UML, MOF, and XMI, formal version 1.1 (March 2003).
Communication complexity
Communication complexity is the study of the minimum number of bits two parties must exchange to compute a function when each holds only part of the input.
Community search
Community search is a graph mining method that, given a graph and query nodes, returns a connected, densely connected subgraph containing them, using models such as k-core and k-truss.
Comparison of relational database management systems
A comparison of relational database management systems, also called a comparison of RDBMSs, contrasts Oracle Database, MySQL, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, IBM Db2, and SQLite on licensing, SQL conformance, and performance.
Comparison sort
A comparison sort is a sorting algorithm that orders items using only pairwise comparisons, never inspecting key structure. Quicksort, merge sort, and Timsort are examples.
Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence
Competitions and prizes in artificial intelligence are organized contests, from Kaggle data-science challenges to DARPA grand challenges, that advance the state of the art and recruit talent.
Competitive analysis (online algorithms)
Competitive analysis is a method for evaluating online algorithms that make decisions without knowing future requests, comparing their cost to an optimal offline algorithm on every input.
Complex event processing
Complex event processing, or CEP, is a real-time data processing method that detects meaningful patterns across event streams, developed by David Luckham at Stanford in the 1990s.
Complexity class
A complexity class is a set of computational problems decidable by a fixed model of computation within a bound on resources such as running time or memory space.
Composable data stack
Composable data stack: a data architecture of reusable components (Arrow, Substrait, Velox, Ibis) connected by open standards, distinct from the Composable DataOps product and from composable CDP architectures.
Compression Algorithms
Compression Algorithms: methods that reduce and restore file size, lossless or lossy. Spans Shannon entropy limits, Huffman coding, Lempel-Ziv LZ77/LZ78, DEFLATE, zstd and Brotli, and neural compression.
Compressive imaging
Compressive imaging is an imaging method that reconstructs images or videos from fewer measurements than the number of pixels, exploiting sparsity, applied in MRI, hyperspectral video, and single-pixel cameras.
CompTox Chemicals Dashboard
The CompTox Chemicals Dashboard, also called the CompTox Chemistry Dashboard, is an EPA web application providing chemistry, toxicity, and exposure data on over 1.3 million chemicals.
Compustat
Compustat is a family of databases of standardized financial statements and market data for publicly traded companies, provided by S&P Global and covering over 80,000 firms.
Computational auditory scene analysis
Computational auditory scene analysis (CASA) is a signal processing approach that separates individual sound sources from audio mixtures, reproducing how human listeners organize sound into perceptual streams.
Computational complexity
Computational complexity is the branch of theoretical computer science that classifies problems by the resources, such as time and memory, needed to solve them, and centers on the unsolved P versus NP question.
Computational complexity of learning
The study of which concept classes can be learned by efficient algorithms rather than merely with enough data, including cryptographic lower bounds, NP-hardness of proper learning, and computational-statistical gaps.
Computational complexity of mathematical operations
The computational complexity of mathematical operations studies how the running time of algorithms for tasks like multiplying integers and matrices grows with input size, in bit and algebraic models.
Computational thinking
Computational thinking, popularized by Jeannette Wing in 2006, is a problem-solving approach that formulates problems and solutions so an information-processing agent, human or machine, can execute them.
Computer algebra system
A computer algebra system (CAS), also called a symbolic algebra system, is software that manipulates mathematical expressions exactly rather than as decimal approximations, performing differentiation, integration, and equation solving symbolically.