Artificial intelligence and data

Library catalog

A library catalog, long kept as a card catalog, is a searchable register of the materials held by one library or many, today mostly online, with WorldCat the largest union catalog.

Library of Congress Control Number

The Library of Congress Control Number (LCCN) is a unique number the Library of Congress assigns to each book's catalog record, first issued in 1898 as the Library of Congress Card Number.

LibriTTS

LibriTTS is a multi-speaker English speech corpus of about 585 hours of read speech at 24 kHz, prepared by Google and released in 2019 for text-to-speech research.

LiDAR odometry is a robotics and computer vision method that estimates a sensor's 6-DoF motion by registering successive LiDAR point cloud scans, supporting localization, SLAM, and autonomous navigation.

Lift (data mining)

Lift, first described under the name "interest", is a data mining measure for association rules that compares observed co-occurrence of items with what statistical independence would predict.

Oct 26, 2026

Lightdash

Lightdash is an open-source BI platform built on dbt, founded 2020 by Chaudhary and Laslett, YC S20, London. Serves dbt metrics as dashboards; $8.4M (2022), $11M Series A (Accel, 2024).

LightGBM

LightGBM is an open-source gradient boosting framework that builds decision tree ensembles for classification, regression, and ranking, introduced by Guolin Ke and colleagues in 2017.

Lightning Memory-Mapped Database

Lightning Memory-Mapped Database (LMDB) is an embedded key-value database library in C, developed for the OpenLDAP Project by Howard Chu and presented at the 2011 LDAP conference.

Lilt (company)

Lilt is an American AI company offering an enterprise translation platform with adaptive machine translation and human verification, founded in 2015 by former Google Translate engineers.

Limited-memory BFGS

Limited-memory BFGS, or L-BFGS, is a quasi-Newton optimization algorithm introduced by Jorge Nocedal in 1980 that minimizes large differentiable functions without storing the full inverse Hessian.

Lin–Kernighan heuristic

The Lin–Kernighan heuristic is a local search algorithm for the traveling salesman problem, published by Shen Lin and Brian W. Kernighan at Bell Labs in 1973.

Line segment detector

A line segment detector is a computer vision algorithm that finds straight contours in images; the best-known example is LSD, a linear-time, parameter-free method published in 2009.

Linear classifier

A linear classifier assigns a class label by taking the sign of a weighted sum of feature values, and is the standard fast method for text classification.

Linear congruential generator

A linear congruential generator (LCG) is a pseudorandom number generator defined by the recurrence X(n+1) = (aXn + c) mod m, proposed by Lehmer in 1951.

Linear filter

A linear filter transforms a signal or image by convolution with a small array of weights called a kernel, to smooth, sharpen, denoise, detect edges, or undo blur.

Linear interpolation

Linear interpolation is a method of estimating a function's value between two known data points by following the straight line joining them, the simplest and most widely used interpolation method.

Linear prediction

Linear prediction is a signal-processing method that estimates a signal's next sample from a weighted combination of past samples, and is the dominant technique for modeling speech spectra.

Linear probing

Linear probing is a collision-resolution scheme for open-addressing hash tables that places a colliding key in the next free slot; introduced in 1954, it remains among the fastest hash tables in practice.

Linear programming

Linear programming, also called linear optimization, is a method for optimizing a linear objective function subject to linear constraints, formulated by George Dantzig in 1947.

Linear search

Linear search is an algorithm that finds a target value in a list by checking each element in order until it finds a match or reaches the end.

Linear-feedback shift register

A linear-feedback shift register is a digital circuit whose XOR feedback generates long repeating bit sequences that look random, used in stream ciphers and hardware testing.

Linearizability

Linearizability is a correctness condition for concurrent objects under which each operation appears to take effect exactly once between its invocation and response, defined by Maurice Herlihy and Jeannette Wing in 1990.

Linformer

Linformer is a Transformer variant introduced by Facebook AI in June 2020 that replaces standard self-attention with a low-rank approximation, reducing quadratic complexity to linear in sequence length.

Linguistic Data Consortium

The Linguistic Data Consortium is a non-profit consortium at the University of Pennsylvania, founded in 1992, that creates and archives speech and text corpora for language technology research.

Linguistic variable

A linguistic variable is a variable whose values are words or sentences rather than numbers, introduced by Lotfi Zadeh in 1973 and central to fuzzy logic.

Link analysis

Link analysis is a family of graph algorithms that rank web pages by hyperlink structure, introduced by Kleinberg and by Brin and Page in 1998.

Linked list

A linked list is a linear data structure whose nodes hold values and pointers to neighboring nodes, developed in 1955 by Newell, Shaw, and Simon.

Liquid neural network

A liquid neural network is a recurrent neural network whose hidden units follow differential equations with input-dependent time constants, letting the network adapt continuously to new data.

List of academic databases and search engines

A list of academic databases and search engines, spanning curated subscription indexes like Web of Science and Scopus, open indexes like OpenAlex, and Google Scholar.