Artificial intelligence and data

ThoughtSpot

ThoughtSpot is an American business intelligence company founded in 2012 and headquartered in Mountain View, California, whose AI-powered platform lets business users query company data in natural language.

Three Laws of Robotics

The Three Laws of Robotics are three hierarchical rules governing robots in Isaac Asimov's science fiction, first stated in full in the short story "Runaround" in 1942.

Thresholding (image processing)

Thresholding is the simplest image-segmentation method, converting a grayscale image to binary by comparing pixel intensities against thresholds; variants include global, local, hysteresis, and Otsu's method.

TI-89 series

The TI-89 series is a family of Texas Instruments graphing calculators built around a computer algebra system, introduced in 1998 and later including the TI-89 Titanium, TI-92 Plus, and Voyage 200.

Tik-Tok (Oz)

Tik-Tok, the Machine Man, is a fictional copper clockwork man created by L. Frank Baum in Ozma of Oz (1907), often called one of the first robots in literature.

tiktoken

tiktoken is an open-source byte pair encoding tokenization library published by OpenAI for converting text into the token sequences its language models consume, first released in December 2022.

Time complexity

Time complexity measures how much time an algorithm takes as a function of input size, expressed with growth classes such as O(n) rather than seconds.

Time delay estimation

Time delay estimation (TDE) is a signal processing method that estimates the relative arrival delay between signals received at two or more sensors, used in radar, sonar, and acoustics.

Time delay neural network

A time delay neural network (TDNN) is a feedforward neural network that feeds delayed copies of an input signal into the network to recognize temporal patterns in speech.

GeneralOct 21, 2026

Time Factors

Time Factors (MeSH D013997) is a National Library of Medicine indexing descriptor for limited time intervals contributing to results, used across epidemiology, cohort studies, and longitudinal research on timing and temporal design.

Time series database

A time series database (TSDB) is a database management system built for storing and processing time series data such as stock prices, temperature readings, and server metrics.

Time-varying optimization

Time-varying optimization is the task of minimizing a convex problem whose objective and feasible set change continuously in time, so algorithms track the moving optimum rather than converge.

Time–frequency analysis

Time–frequency analysis is a family of signal-processing methods that represent a signal in time and frequency at once, revealing how its frequency content changes over time.

Time–frequency representation

A time–frequency representation is a signal processing method that maps a signal's energy over time and frequency at once, with the spectrogram as the standard example.

Timeline of artificial intelligence

The timeline of artificial intelligence traces the field from the 1956 Dartmouth workshop through two AI winters, Deep Blue's chess win, and AlphaGo, to ChatGPT's release in 2022.

Timsort

Timsort is a stable, adaptive sorting algorithm designed by Tim Peters in 2002 for Python. A hybrid of merge sort and insertion sort, it is the default sort in Java and Android.

Tokenization (data security)

Tokenization is a data security technique that replaces sensitive values, such as payment card numbers, with tokens that carry no exploitable meaning and can be reversed only through a protected vault.

Tone mapping

Tone mapping is an image processing operation that compresses the dynamic range of high dynamic range images and video to fit displays while preserving detail, contrast, and appearance.

Tools for Humanity

Tools for Humanity is a San Francisco and Munich technology company founded in 2019 by Alex Blania, Sam Altman, and Max Novendstern to build World, formerly Worldcoin.

Top-down and bottom-up design

Top-down and bottom-up design are complementary strategies for building systems, described by Niklaus Wirth in 1971: top-down decomposes a specification into parts, while bottom-up integrates components into a whole.

Topic Maps

Topic Maps is an ISO standard (ISO/IEC 13250), first published in 2000, that encodes knowledge as topics, associations, and occurrences, overlaid on collections of documents like an index.

Topic modeling

Topic modeling is a family of statistical and machine learning methods for large document collections, best known through latent Dirichlet allocation, introduced by Blei, Ng, and Jordan in 2002.

Topological sorting

Topological sorting, also called toposort, is the ordering of a directed graph's vertices so that every edge points from earlier to later; it exists only for directed acyclic graphs.

TorchScript

TorchScript is a serializable, optimizable representation of PyTorch models produced by tracing or scripting, introduced with PyTorch 1.0 in 2018 for production and mobile deployment, and deprecated in PyTorch 2.10.

GeneralOct 22, 2026

Torsional Diffusion

Torsional Diffusion is a machine learning method for generating 3D molecular conformers, published at NeurIPS 2022 by Bowen Jing, Gabriele Corso, and colleagues at MIT, that diffuses only torsion angles.

Total variation denoising

Total variation denoising is an image-restoration method that removes noise while preserving sharp edges, introduced by Rudin, Osher, and Fatemi in 1992 and widely used in imaging.