176 articles
Diesel fuel
Diesel fuel, also called petrodiesel or diesel oil, is distillate fuel oil sold for compression-ignition engines, where fuel self-ignites in hot compressed air without a spark plug.
Diesel generator
A diesel generator, also called a genset or generating set, couples a diesel engine to an electrical alternator, providing standby power for hospitals and prime power on isolated grids.
Diesel particulate filter
A diesel particulate filter, or DPF, is an exhaust device that traps soot from diesel engines in a ceramic honeycomb, cutting particulate matter by over 85 percent.
Diffusion combustion
Diffusion combustion, also called non-premixed combustion, is combustion in which fuel and oxidizer start separate and burn where they mix, as in diesel engines and open fires.
E-diesel
E-diesel is a synthetic diesel fuel produced from electrolytic hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide through Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, a drop-in fuel for existing diesel engines and infrastructure.
E-kerosene
E-kerosene is a synthetic jet fuel made by combining green hydrogen from electrolysis with captured carbon dioxide, offering lower emissions than conventional kerosene when the electricity is low-carbon.
E-methane
E-methane, also called e-NG, electric natural gas, or synthetic methane, is methane made by reacting renewable hydrogen with captured CO₂, so it works in existing pipelines and unmodified gas appliances.
Electric generator
An electric generator is a device that converts a form of energy, usually mechanical motion, into electricity, based on electromagnetic induction discovered by Michael Faraday in 1831.
Electric heating
Electric heating is the production of heat from electricity, through resistive elements or heat pumps, used in home furnaces, baseboard heaters, water heaters, and industrial furnaces and boilers.
Electricity generation
Electricity generation, also called electric power generation, converts primary energy sources like coal, natural gas, nuclear, sunlight, and wind into electrical power for the grid.
Energy harvesting
Energy harvesting, also called energy scavenging, converts ambient mechanical, thermal, and radiative energy into usable electrical power, letting wireless sensors, wearables, and biomedical implants run without batteries.
Engine knocking
Engine knocking, also called pinging or spark knock, is abnormal combustion in spark-ignition engines where unburned fuel auto-ignites ahead of the flame front, producing a metallic pinging sound.
Engine-generator
An engine-generator, or genset, is a generating set in which an internal combustion engine drives an AC generator to convert fuel into electrical power, from small residential units to large standby diesels.
Exhaust gas
Exhaust gas, also known as car exhaust or tailpipe emissions, is the mixture of gases and particles that leaves an internal combustion engine or boiler after fuel burns.
Exhaust gas recirculation
Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an engine emission control technique that routes exhaust gas back into the intake, cutting combustion temperatures and nitrogen oxide emissions in diesel and gasoline engines.
Exhaust system
An exhaust system is the set of pipes and components that carries engine combustion gases to the tailpipe, using mufflers to cut noise and catalytic converters to cut pollution.
Filled skutterudite thermoelectric modules
Filled skutterudite thermoelectric modules are solid-state generators whose legs are filled cobalt antimonide, converting hot waste heat like automotive exhaust into electricity at 7 to 12% efficiency.
Filling station
A filling station, also called a gas station or petrol station, is a facility that sells fuel for motor vehicles from pumps, usually with a small retail store.
Fischer–Tropsch process
The Fischer–Tropsch process, also known as Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, is a set of catalytic reactions converting carbon monoxide and hydrogen into liquid hydrocarbons, developed by Franz Fischer and Hans Tropsch in 1923.
Flame
A flame is a self-sustaining combustion zone that spreads through a fuel-oxidizer mixture at subsonic speeds, usually emitting light and heat, and classified as premixed or diffusion.
Flammability limit
A flammability limit, also called an explosive limit, is the lower or upper fuel concentration in air within which a gas or vapor mixture can ignite, expressed as percent fuel by volume.
Flash point
The flash point is the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off vapor that can ignite in air; the lower it is, the more flammable the liquid.
Flexible-fuel vehicle
A flexible-fuel vehicle (FFV), also called a flex-fuel vehicle, is a car or light truck that runs on gasoline or ethanol-gasoline blends up to 83% ethanol, including E85.
Fluidized bed combustion
Fluidized bed combustion is a method of burning solid fuel particles suspended in upward-flowing air at 840–950 °C, tolerating low-grade fuels and capturing sulfur with limestone.
Ford EcoBoost engine
The Ford EcoBoost engine, originally named TwinForce, is Ford's family of turbocharged, direct-injection gasoline engines combining Ti-VCT for large-engine output with lower fuel consumption, launched in 2009.
Fossil fuel
Fossil fuels are nonrenewable energy sources, principally coal, petroleum, and natural gas, formed underground over millions of years from buried remains of ancient plants and animals.
Four-stroke engine
A four-stroke engine is an internal combustion engine that completes one power cycle in four piston strokes, intake, compression, power, and exhaust, invented by Nicolaus Otto in 1876.
Fuel
A fuel is a material whose stored chemical energy is released as heat by combustion, powering buildings, electricity generation, and nearly all transport; examples include gasoline, natural gas, coal, biofuels, and hydrogen.
Fuel efficiency
Fuel efficiency, also called gas mileage or fuel economics, is a measure of useful output per unit of fuel, commonly expressed for vehicles as miles per gallon.
Fuel oil
Fuel oil is any liquid petroleum product made from crude oil and refined or blended to burn in engines, furnaces, boilers, and heaters, or as a solvent.