461 articles
Floating solar
Floating solar, also called floating photovoltaics (FPV) or floatovoltaics, installs solar panels on floating structures on lakes, reservoirs, and ponds, saving land and cooling panels for higher yields.
Formamidinium lead iodide
FAPbI3, or formamidinium lead triiodide, is a halide perovskite whose 1.48 eV bandgap makes it the leading light absorber in perovskite solar cells above 26% efficiency.
Formamidinium perovskite solar cells
Formamidinium perovskite solar cells are photovoltaic devices whose absorber, formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI₃), offers a narrow 1.48 eV band gap and certified efficiencies of 26.7%, though stabilizing its photoactive black phase remains the main challenge.
Formamidinium tin iodide
Formamidinium tin iodide (FASnI₃) is a lead-free tin halide perovskite with a 1.41 eV band gap, the composition behind the highest efficiencies for tin perovskite solar cells.
Fox Squirrel Solar
Fox Squirrel Solar is a 577 MW utility-scale solar power plant in Madison County, Ohio, the largest in Ohio, owned by EDF Renewables and Enbridge.
Frye Solar
Frye Solar is a 637 MW utility-scale solar photovoltaic plant near Kress in Swisher County, Texas, built by Hecate Energy and completed by Repsol in April 2024.
Fullerene-free organic solar cells
Fullerene-free organic solar cells are organic photovoltaic devices whose electron acceptor is a tunable synthetic molecule rather than a fullerene like PCBM, reaching over 18% efficiency by 2021.
G12 (solar wafer)
G12 is a standard monocrystalline silicon solar wafer measuring 210 mm × 210 mm, the largest square format in mainstream photovoltaic manufacturing, introduced by Zhonghuan Semiconductor in 2019.
GaAs thin-film solar cell
A GaAs thin-film solar cell is a lightweight, flexible photovoltaic device whose few-micrometer gallium arsenide layer is separated from its wafer, usually by epitaxial lift-off, reaching 29.1% efficiency.
GameChange Solar
GameChange Solar is an American manufacturer of solar trackers and fixed-tilt racking systems, founded in 2012 and ranked second in global tracker shipments in 2025.
Germanium halide perovskites
Germanium halide perovskites are lead-free semiconductors of formula AGeX₃, in which Ge²⁺ replaces lead; they are studied as less toxic solar-cell absorbers limited by Ge²⁺ oxidation.
Glass-glass module
A glass-glass module, also called a double-glass module, is a photovoltaic module whose solar cells are sealed between two sheets of glass instead of a polymer backsheet.
GlassPoint Solar
GlassPoint Solar is an American company based in Fremont, California, that builds parabolic mirrors inside greenhouses to produce steam, originally for oil recovery and now for industrial heat.
Global Solar Atlas
The Global Solar Atlas (GSA) is a free, web-based World Bank tool, launched in January 2017, offering solar resource maps and photovoltaic power calculations worldwide, with data developed by Solargis.
Grain-boundary passivation in perovskite films
Grain-boundary passivation in perovskite films is the chemical treatment of crystal interfaces in a perovskite layer to neutralize defect states, reducing recombination and slowing degradation.
Green-solvent processing of perovskite solar cells
Green-solvent processing of perovskite solar cells is the fabrication of these devices using low-toxicity solvents such as ethanol and GVL instead of hazardous DMF and NMP.
Grid parity
Grid parity, also called socket parity, is the point at which solar electricity costs the same as or less than grid electricity, marking solar's economic competitiveness.
Grid-following inverter
A grid-following inverter is a power converter that synchronizes to the existing grid voltage and injects current, the dominant control for solar, wind, and battery inverters.
Grid-forming inverter
A grid-forming (GFM) inverter is a power converter that sets its own output voltage and frequency rather than following the grid, supporting stability in solar, wind, and battery plants.
Ground screw (solar mounting)
A ground screw is a steel foundation element with helical plates, screwed into the soil to anchor solar PV arrays without concrete, excavation, or curing time.
H-bridge inverter
An H-bridge inverter, also called a full-bridge inverter, converts DC to AC with four switches in an H shape, and is the building block of solar inverters and motor drives.
H5 inverter topology
The H5 inverter topology is a single-phase transformerless photovoltaic grid-connected inverter circuit proposed by SMA Solar Technology in 2005, adding a fifth switch to the H-bridge to suppress leakage current.
H6 inverter topology
The H6 inverter topology is a single-phase transformerless grid-tied inverter for photovoltaic systems, proposed in 2007 by Ingeteam, whose two extra switches suppress ground leakage current.
Half-bridge inverter
The half-bridge inverter is the simplest single-phase DC-to-AC converter, using two semiconductor switches and a DC supply split by two capacitors, used in solar inverters, induction cookers, and motor drives.
Half-cut cell
A half-cut cell, also called a half-cell, is a silicon solar cell cut in half by laser, halving its current to cut resistive losses and improve shade tolerance.
Halide segregation
Halide segregation, also called phase segregation, is the light- or bias-driven separation of a mixed-halide perovskite into iodide-rich and bromide-rich domains, a central stability problem for perovskite solar cells.
Hanwha Qcells
Hanwha Qcells is a solar cell and module manufacturer headquartered in Seoul and Thalheim, Germany, founded in 1999 and acquired by the Hanwha Group in 2012.
Harvard Clean Energy Project
The Harvard Clean Energy Project was a Harvard computational chemistry program launched in December 2008 that screened 2.3 million molecules for organic solar cell materials.
Helios Solar Power Station
The Helios Solar Power Station is a 100 MW parabolic trough solar thermal complex in Ciudad Real, Spain, built by Abengoa and inaugurated in 2012.
Heliosat method
The Heliosat method is a family of algorithms that estimate surface solar irradiance from images taken by geostationary satellites, principally Meteosat, introduced by Cano and colleagues in 1986.