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Hydrogen detonation
Hydrogen detonation is the supersonic combustion of a hydrogen-air or hydrogen-oxygen mixture, a regime of hydrogen cloud explosion distinct from deflagration and from nuclear hydrogen bombs.
Hydrogen economy
The hydrogen economy is a proposed energy system in which low-emissions hydrogen serves as an energy carrier and industrial feedstock for refining, steel, shipping, and heavy transport.
Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain
The Hydrogen Energy Supply Chain (HESC) is an Australian-Japanese pilot that produced hydrogen from Latrobe Valley brown coal and shipped it liquefied to Japan in 2022.
Hydrogen fuel
Hydrogen fuel is hydrogen used as an energy carrier, converted to energy in fuel cells or by combustion, emitting only water at the point of use in a fuel cell.
Hydrogen fuel cell bus
A hydrogen fuel cell bus is a zero-tailpipe-emission bus that generates its electricity onboard from hydrogen, distinguished by refueling in minutes and diesel-comparable range rather than overnight charging.
Hydrogen fueling station
A hydrogen fueling station, also called a hydrogen refueling station (HRS), dispenses hydrogen at high pressure to fuel cell vehicles, ranging from retail pumps to large fleet terminals.
Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle
A hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle burns hydrogen instead of gasoline, producing no tailpipe carbon dioxide though still forming nitrogen oxides, and is aimed at heavy-duty trucks, buses, and off-road equipment.
Hydrogen jet fire
A hydrogen jet fire is a turbulent diffusion flame from an ignited pressurized hydrogen release, controlled by jet momentum and radiating little heat, so it is nearly invisible.
Hydrogen leak detection
Hydrogen leak detection is the use of sensor, optical, acoustic, and tracer-gas methods to find unintended hydrogen releases, which matter because hydrogen is highly flammable and burns with a nearly invisible flame.
Hydrogen liquefier
A hydrogen liquefier is an industrial refrigeration system that cools gaseous hydrogen to about −253 °C, producing liquid hydrogen for rocket propellant and energy transport.
Hydrogen permeation testing
Hydrogen permeation testing is a family of laboratory methods measuring how hydrogen moves through metals, used to assess hydrogen embrittlement and standardized by ISO and ASTM.
Hydrogen pipeline transport
Hydrogen pipeline transport moves gaseous hydrogen through dedicated pipelines, the lowest-cost delivery option over land, though hydrogen embrittlement limits which steel pipes can carry it.
Hydrogen production
Hydrogen production, also called hydrogen generation, is the industrial manufacture of hydrogen gas, mostly from fossil fuels, with 97 million tonnes produced globally in 2023.
Hydrogen Production Model
The hydrogen production model is a combined experimental and analytical representation, built by JAERI and JAEA, of a steam methane reforming plant coupled directly to Japan's HTTR high-temperature gas-cooled reactor.
Hydrogen recovery from refinery purge gas
Hydrogen recovery from refinery purge gas is the capture and purification of unreacted hydrogen from refinery purge streams, mainly by pressure swing adsorption, membranes, or cryogenic separation.
Hydrogen safety
Hydrogen safety is the set of properties, engineering practices, and codes for handling hydrogen fuel safely, addressing its wide flammability range, low ignition energy, and embrittlement of metals.
Hydrogen Shot
Hydrogen Shot is a US Department of Energy initiative launched in June 2021 to cut the cost of clean hydrogen production 80%, to $1 per kilogram in a decade.
Hydrogen society
A hydrogen society is an energy system using hydrogen as a major energy carrier, a goal Japan has pursued with policy since its 2017 strategy.
Hydrogen storage
Hydrogen storage is the keeping of hydrogen as high-pressure gas, cryogenic liquid, solid-state compounds, or underground salt caverns until needed as fuel, a key enabling technology for transportation and stationary power.
Hydrogen storage alloy
A hydrogen storage alloy is an intermetallic compound or alloy that reversibly absorbs hydrogen gas as a metal hydride, used in Ni–MH batteries and stationary storage.
Hydrogen sulfide splitting
Hydrogen sulfide splitting is the decomposition of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) into hydrogen and sulfur, pursued as a refinery waste treatment and a low-energy route to clean hydrogen.
Hydrogen Systems (company)
Hydrogen Systems is the name of several unrelated companies, including a Belgian electrolyser patent assignee, a Russian Norilsk Nickel fuel-cell venture, and a Saudi distributor.
Hydrogen train
A hydrogen train is a rail vehicle using a fuel cell to turn onboard hydrogen into electricity, emitting only water; the first entered service in Germany in 2018.
Hydrogen valley
A hydrogen valley is a geographically defined region where hydrogen production, storage, distribution, and local end use grow together as one integrated regional value chain.
Hydrogen vehicle
A hydrogen vehicle is a motor vehicle that uses hydrogen as its energy source, most commonly a fuel cell electric vehicle whose exhaust is only water vapor.
Hydrogen water chemistry
Hydrogen water chemistry (HWC) is a boiling water reactor practice, developed in the United States in the late 1970s, that injects hydrogen into feedwater to stop stress corrosion cracking.
Hydrokinetic turbine
A hydrokinetic turbine, also called a kinetic or free-flow turbine, generates electricity directly from moving water such as river or tidal currents without a dam, like an underwater wind turbine.
Hydropeaking
Hydropeaking is the rapid fluctuation of river flow and water level downstream of hydropower plants, caused by turbine releases timed to meet peak electricity demand.
Hydropower
Hydropower, also called water power, is a renewable source of electricity that converts the energy of flowing or falling water into electricity using turbines and dams.
Hydrostatic test (pipelines)
A hydrostatic test of a pipeline fills a segment with water and pressurizes it above its maximum operating pressure to prove the pipe and welds will not leak or rupture.