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Institutional control
Institutional control is the set of active and passive administrative and legal measures, used chiefly in radioactive waste management, that prevent human disturbance of a closed disposal facility and preserve knowledge of it for future generations.
Insulation coordination
Insulation coordination is the engineering process of selecting insulation withstand levels and surge-protective equipment, chiefly arresters, so power system equipment survives lightning and switching overvoltages at defensible cost.
Integra Group
Integra Group (Интегра) is a Russian oilfield services company founded in 2004 that provides drilling, workover, and well construction services across the full life cycle of an oil or gas field, and also manufactures drilling tools.
Integral collector-storage system
An integral collector-storage (ICS) system, also called a batch collector, is a passive solar water heater in which the collector and storage tank are one unit, typically used as a solar preheater.
Integral fast reactor
The Integral Fast Reactor (IFR), also known as the Advanced Liquid-Metal Reactor, was an Argonne National Laboratory program from 1984 to 1994 combining a sodium-cooled fast reactor with on-site fuel recycling.
Integrated gasification combined cycle
Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) is a power technology that converts coal to syngas, cleans it before combustion, and burns it in a gas and steam turbine combined cycle.
Integrated gasification fuel cell cycle
The integrated gasification fuel cell (IGFC) cycle, formally the Integrated Coal Gasification Fuel Cell Combined Cycle, gasifies coal to drive fuel cell, gas turbine, and steam turbine generation in series.
Integrated solar combined cycle
An integrated solar combined cycle plant is a natural gas combined-cycle plant in which solar thermal energy adds steam to boost the steam turbine's output.
Intelligent Energy (company)
Intelligent Energy Limited is a British manufacturer of hydrogen PEM fuel cell systems headquartered in Loughborough, England, with products from 800 W drone modules to 1 MW installations.
Inter Pipeline
Inter Pipeline is a Calgary-based Canadian energy infrastructure company owning oil sands pipelines, natural gas liquids processing, and petrochemical assets in Alberta, acquired by Brookfield Infrastructure in 2021.
Inter RAO
Inter RAO (ПАО «Интер РАО») is a Russian energy holding company, founded in 1997, that serves as Russia's only electricity exporter and importer and operates about 31.2 GW of generation.
Inter-area oscillation
An inter-area oscillation is a low-frequency oscillation in a large power grid where geographically separate generator groups swing against each other across weak transmission links, limiting power transfer.
Intercalation pseudocapacitance
Intercalation pseudocapacitance is a charge-storage mechanism in which ions insert into the bulk of an electrode at capacitor-like rates, named in 2013 from studies of lithium ions in niobium pentoxide.
Interconnection queue
An interconnection queue is the list of proposed power plants and storage projects a transmission operator studies before they connect to the grid, a major bottleneck for solar and wind.
Intercooler
An intercooler, also called a charge air cooler, is a heat exchanger that cools air compressed by a turbocharger or supercharger, raising air density so the engine makes more power.
Interdigitated back contact solar cell
An interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell is a crystalline silicon photovoltaic cell with both metal contacts interlocked on the rear surface, eliminating front-side shading and reaching efficiencies above 25%.
Interface passivation
Interface passivation is the treatment of layer boundaries in semiconductor devices, most prominently perovskite solar cells, to reduce defect states, suppress non-radiative recombination, and block degradation pathways.
Interfacial dipole engineering in perovskite solar cells
Interfacial dipole engineering in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) inserts oriented molecular dipole layers at device interfaces, tuning energy-level alignment, passivating defects, and improving efficiency and stability.
Interfacial engineering in solar cells
Interfacial engineering in solar cells is the deliberate design of boundaries between a photovoltaic device's functional layers to cut recombination losses, align energy levels, and improve efficiency and stability.
Interharmonics
Interharmonics are voltage or current components in a power system whose frequencies are not integer multiples of the fundamental supply frequency, such as 50 or 60 Hz.
Interleaved boost converter
An interleaved boost converter (IBC) is a DC-DC boost converter built from two or more boost phases switched in parallel with a phase shift, cutting ripple and device stress.
Interline power flow controller
The interline power flow controller (IPFC) is a FACTS device proposed in 1999 that uses shared DC-linked voltage source converters to coordinate power flow on two or more transmission lines.
Intermediate band solar cell
The intermediate band solar cell (IBSC) is a proposed photovoltaic device with an extra band inside the semiconductor bandgap, proposed in 1997 with a theoretical efficiency limit of 63%.
Intermediate-level waste
Intermediate-level waste (ILW) is a class of radioactive waste requiring greater containment than near-surface disposal allows, with little decay heat, arising mainly from spent fuel reprocessing and reactor decommissioning.
Intermountain Power Agency
The Intermountain Power Agency is a political subdivision of the State of Utah, organized in 1977, that owns the 1,800 MW Intermountain Power Project serving Utah and California.
Intermountain Power Plant
The Intermountain Power Plant is a power station near Delta, Utah, whose 1,800 MW coal units retired in 2025 for a gas-fired facility moving toward hydrogen.
Internal combustion engine
An internal combustion engine (ICE) is a heat engine in which fuel burns inside the engine, pushing a piston that rotates a crankshaft to produce mechanical work.
International Energy Agency
The International Energy Agency (IEA) is an autonomous intergovernmental organization hosted at the OECD in Paris, founded in 1974 after the oil crisis to coordinate responses to oil supply disruptions.
International Energy Agency Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme
The International Energy Agency Energy in Buildings and Communities Programme, formerly ECBCS, is an IEA research program established in 1977 that works toward near-zero energy buildings.
International Energy Forum
The International Energy Forum (IEF) is an intergovernmental organization based in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, where energy ministers from 67 member countries hold informal dialogue on energy market stability.