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Litgrid
Litgrid AB is the electricity transmission system operator of Lithuania, which led the Baltic synchronisation with the Continental European grid, switched in February 2025 and completed in November 2025.
Lithiated graphite anode
A lithiated graphite anode is a lithium-ion battery negative electrode pre-loaded with lithium ions up to LiC6, compensating the lithium irreversibly consumed when the SEI forms.
Lithiated silicon oxide
Lithiated silicon oxide is silicon suboxide (SiOx) battery anode material after reacting with lithium, forming lithium oxide and silicate phases that buffer silicon's volume change.
Lithium aluminum germanium phosphate
LAGP, or lithium aluminum germanium phosphate, is a NASICON-type oxide solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries. It conducts lithium ions at room temperature and is stable in air and water.
Lithium Argentina
Lithium Argentina AG is a Swiss-domiciled resource company, formed in 2025 from Lithium Americas, that holds 44.8% of the Cauchari-Olaroz lithium brine operation in Jujuy, Argentina.
Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide
Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, or LiFSI, is a lithium salt used in lithium-ion battery electrolytes, offering high conductivity, thermal stability, and longer cycle life than LiPF₆, though it can corrode aluminum current collectors at high voltage.
Lithium bis(oxalato)borate
Lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) is a thermally stable lithium salt, first patented in 1999, used in lithium-ion batteries as an electrolyte salt and film-forming additive that forms a protective electrode interlayer.
Lithium ceramic pebbles
Lithium ceramic pebbles are millimeter-sized granules of lithium ceramics, mainly lithium orthosilicate and lithium metatitanate, that breed tritium fuel when struck by fusion neutrons in reactor blankets.
Lithium cobalt oxide
Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂, commonly abbreviated LCO) is a layered oxide cathode reported in 1980 by John B. Goodenough's team at Oxford and commercialized by Sony in 1991.
Lithium cobalt phosphate
Lithium cobalt phosphate (LiCoPO₄) is an inorganic phosphate used as a high-voltage cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, delivering about 4.8 V and a theoretical energy density of 800 Wh kg⁻¹, though it remains uncommercialized.
Lithium dendrite
A lithium dendrite is a tree-like deposit of metallic lithium forming on a lithium metal anode during charging; when it bridges the electrodes it causes internal short circuits and fires.
Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate
Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB, also LiODFB) is a lithium salt, structurally between LiBOB and LiBF4, first synthesized in 2003 and used in lithium-ion battery electrolytes as a film-forming additive.
Lithium difluorophosphate
Lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO₂F₂, often abbreviated LiDFP) is an inorganic lithium salt used as an electrolyte additive in lithium batteries, where it forms protective films that suppress dendrites and improve high-voltage and low-temperature operation.
Lithium hexafluorophosphate
Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is an inorganic lithium salt used as the conducting salt in the electrolyte of nearly all commercial lithium-ion batteries, typically dissolved in carbonate solvents.
Lithium Ionic
Lithium Ionic Corp. is a Canadian lithium exploration and development company whose flagship Bandeira project, in Minas Gerais, Brazil, shows a post-tax NPV of US$1.45 billion.
Lithium iron phosphate
Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, abbreviated LFP) is a lithium-ion battery cathode material prized for safety, long cycle life, and low cost, with no cobalt or nickel.
Lithium iron phosphate battery
The lithium iron phosphate battery, or LFP battery (LiFePO4), is a lithium-ion battery prized for safety, low cost, and long cycle life in electric vehicles and stationary storage.
Lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide
Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), lithium lanthanum zirconate, is a lithium-stuffed garnet ceramic that conducts lithium ions rapidly, first reported in 2007 and a leading electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries.
Lithium manganese iron phosphate
Lithium manganese iron phosphate, or LMFP, is a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, first commercialized in 2024, that raises energy density 15–20% over LFP at similar cost.
Lithium manganese oxide battery
A lithium manganese oxide (LMO) battery is a lithium-ion battery with a spinel LiMn2O4 cathode, prized for low cost, safety, and high power but limited by manganese dissolution.
Lithium manganese phosphate
Lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO4, or LMP) is an olivine-structured inorganic compound investigated as a lithium-ion battery cathode, offering about 20% higher energy density than lithium iron phosphate.
Lithium manganese-rich cathode
A lithium manganese-rich (LMR) cathode is a lithium-ion battery cathode material whose excess lithium enables capacities above 250 mAh g⁻¹, though voltage fade has blocked commercialization.
Lithium metal anode
A lithium metal anode is a battery negative electrode made of metallic lithium, offering the highest theoretical capacity of any anode but held back by dendrite growth.
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) is a lithium-ion battery cathode material, used by Panasonic and Tesla, valued for high energy but costly and less safe.
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, also written NCM, is a layered oxide cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, used in about 50% of electric vehicles sold in 2023.
Lithium nickel manganese oxide
Lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄, commonly abbreviated LNMO) is a cobalt-free spinel cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with a high 4.7-volt working voltage, a leading high-voltage candidate still limited by degradation.
Lithium nitrate additive
Lithium nitrate (LiNO3) is an inorganic salt additive for lithium metal and lithium-sulfur batteries, decomposing at the lithium anode to form a protective solid electrolyte interphase.
Lithium phosphorus oxynitride
Lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) is an amorphous glassy solid electrolyte that conducts lithium ions while blocking electrons, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the early 1990s.
Lithium plating
Lithium plating is the deposition of metallic lithium on a lithium-ion battery's anode during charging instead of intercalation, triggered by fast or low-temperature charging and causing dendrites, capacity fade, and short circuits.
Lithium plating during fast charging
Lithium plating during fast charging is a side reaction in lithium-ion batteries where lithium metal deposits on the graphite anode, causing capacity loss and safety risks.