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Sodium titanate cathode
Sodium titanate cathode is a term sometimes applied to sodium titanate materials, chiefly layered Na₂Ti₃O₇, used as anodes in sodium-ion batteries at about 0.3 V.
Sodium vanadium fluorophosphate
Sodium vanadium fluorophosphate (Na₃V₂(PO₄)₂F₃, commonly abbreviated NVPF) is a polyanionic cathode material for sodium-ion batteries, first synthesized in 1999 and used in TIAMAT's commercial cells.
Sodium vanadium phosphate
Sodium vanadium phosphate, abbreviated NVP, is a NASICON-family compound used as a cathode material in sodium-ion batteries, with a 3.4 V operating voltage and 117.6 mAh/g theoretical capacity.
Sodium-air battery
A sodium-air battery is a metal-air electrochemical cell that oxidizes a sodium anode and reduces oxygen at the cathode, studied as an inexpensive, high-energy alternative to lithium-ion batteries.
Sodium-cooled fast reactor
A sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR) is a nuclear reactor that uses liquid sodium coolant and fast neutrons without a moderator, recycling plutonium and other actinides in a closed fuel cycle.
Sodium-ion battery
The sodium-ion battery, also known as the Na-ion battery, is a rechargeable battery that shuttles sodium ions between electrodes, now commercial in China with lower costs than lithium-ion.
Sodium-ion battery anode
The sodium-ion battery anode is the negative electrode of a sodium-ion battery, storing sodium ions during charging; hard carbon is the standard material, with alloying alternatives like antimony and phosphorus.
Sodium–sulfur battery
The sodium–sulfur battery (NaS battery) is a rechargeable battery with molten sodium and sulfur electrodes separated by a ceramic electrolyte, commercialized by NGK and TEPCO in 2002.
Soft carbon
Soft carbon, or graphitizable carbon, is a disordered carbon that converts to graphite when heated above 2500 °C, used as an anode in sodium-ion batteries and as a graphite precursor.
Soft switching
Soft switching is a power electronics technique that turns transistors on or off at zero voltage (ZVS) or zero current (ZCS) via resonance, reducing switching losses and electromagnetic interference compared with hard switching.
Sohar III power plant
Sohar III power plant, also known as Sohar 3 IPP, is a 1,710 MW natural gas-fired combined cycle power plant at Sohar, Oman, in commercial operation since 2019.
Soil resistivity
Soil resistivity is the measure of how strongly soil resists conducting electrical current, a basic parameter for grounding, lightning protection, and corrosion control of buried structures.
Sol Burstein
Sol Burstein (1922–2002) was an American mechanical and nuclear engineer who led Wisconsin Electric's Point Beach nuclear plants and was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1985.
Sol do Cerrado
Sol do Cerrado is a large photovoltaic solar complex operated by Brazilian mining company Vale in Jaíba, Minas Gerais, with 17 plants totaling 766 MWp.
Solaire Direct
Solairedirect was a French solar power developer founded in 2006, known for utility-scale photovoltaic projects built to compete without subsidies; ENGIE acquired it in 2015 for about €321 million.
Solapur power station
The Solapur Super Thermal Power Station is a 1,320 MW coal-fired power station owned by NTPC in Solapur district, Maharashtra, India, with units commissioned in 2017 and 2019.
Solar air heater
A solar air heater is a solar thermal collector that transfers absorbed solar heat directly to air, used for space heating, ventilation preheating, crop drying, and process heat.
Solar atlas
A solar atlas is a collection of maps, datasets, and tools describing a region's solar energy resource, typically giving long-term average solar irradiance and expected photovoltaic output.
Solar boat
A solar boat is a watercraft whose electric motor and onboard services run on electricity from photovoltaic panels charging batteries; the first was built in 1881, and MS Tûranor PlanetSolar completed a solar circumnavigation in 2012.
Solar carport
A solar carport is a canopy structure built over parking spaces with photovoltaic modules mounted on its roof, generating electricity while sheltering vehicles and often hosting EV chargers.
Solar cell
A solar cell, also called a photovoltaic (PV) cell, is a semiconductor device that converts sunlight directly into electricity. The first practical cell was demonstrated at Bell Labs in 1954.
Solar combisystem
A solar combisystem is a solar heating installation providing both domestic hot water and space heating, with an auxiliary source such as gas or biomass.
Solar cooling
Solar cooling is the production of cooling or air conditioning from sunlight, using solar heat to drive a refrigeration cycle or photovoltaic electricity for a conventional chiller.
Solar district heating
Solar district heating is the supply of heat from large fields of solar thermal collectors into a district heating network, pioneered in Denmark and now used by 346 towns and cities worldwide.
Solar energy
Solar energy is the conversion of sunlight into usable energy, chiefly photovoltaic electricity and solar heat; solar PV generated over 8% of global electricity in 2025.
Solar Energy Generating Systems
Solar Energy Generating Systems (SEGS) is a group of nine parabolic trough solar thermal power plants in California's Mojave Desert, built between 1984 and 1990 and developed by Luz International.
Solar Energy Industries Association
The Solar Energy Industries Association, founded in 1974, is the national trade association for the U.S. solar and energy storage industry, representing about 1,000 member companies.
Solar furnace
A solar furnace is a research installation concentrating sunlight with mirrors to melt metals, test materials, and drive chemical reactions; the largest, at Odeillo, France, reaches 3,300 °C.
Solar heat gain coefficient
The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) measures the fraction of solar radiation a window, door, or skylight admits as heat, with lower values blocking more heat and suiting hot climates.
Solar inverter
A solar inverter, or photovoltaic (PV) inverter, is a device that converts the direct current electricity from solar panels into alternating current for the grid.