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Coal blending
Coal blending is the practice of mixing two or more coals so the fuel meets the quality, cost, and emissions needs of a boiler, gasifier, or coke oven.
Coal Combustion Residuals Rule
The Coal Combustion Residuals Rule is the EPA's regulation governing coal ash disposal in landfills and surface impoundments, promulgated April 17, 2015 as the first federal coal ash standard.
Coal Creek converter station
The Coal Creek converter station is the rectifier terminal of the CU HVDC system at Coal Creek Station near Underwood, North Dakota, sending 1,000 MW to Minnesota since 1978.
Coal Creek Station
Coal Creek Station is a lignite-fired power plant near Underwood, North Dakota, the largest coal-fired plant in the state, sending power to Minnesota by HVDC line.
Coal gas
Coal gas, also known as town gas, is a flammable gas made by heating coal without air, used for lighting and heating from the early 1800s.
Coal gasification
Coal gasification is an industrial process that converts coal into synthesis gas, a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, using steam and limited oxygen at high temperature.
Coal India
Coal India Limited is an Indian state-owned coal mining holding company formed in 1975 and headquartered in Kolkata, the world's largest coal producer with roughly three quarters of India's output.
Coal liquefaction
Coal liquefaction is a chemical process converting solid coal into liquid hydrocarbons, from synthetic crude to diesel and naphtha, by direct hydrogenation or Fischer–Tropsch synthesis.
Coal mining
Coal mining, also called coal extraction, is the removal of coal from the ground for fuel and steel making; world production reached a record 9.1 billion tonnes in 2024.
Coal mining in Australia
Coal mining in Australia is the extraction of black and brown coal, chiefly in Queensland and New South Wales. Australia is the world's second largest coal exporter.
Coal mining in China
Coal mining in China is the extraction of coal, mainly bituminous, by the world's largest producer, which mined about 4.85 billion tonnes in 2025, led by Shanxi province.
Coal mining in Germany
Coal mining in Germany spans hard coal from the Ruhr and Saar, which ended in 2018, and lignite mining that continues under a phase-out to 2038.
Coal mining in India
Coal mining in India is the extraction of coal, the country's primary energy source, begun commercially in 1774, nationalized in the 1970s, and reopened to private operators in 2020.
Coal mining in Indonesia
Coal mining in Indonesia is mostly open-pit extraction of low- and medium-rank thermal coal in Kalimantan and Sumatra, making it the world's largest steam coal exporter.
Coal mining in South Africa
Coal mining in South Africa is concentrated in Mpumalanga's Witbank and Highveld coalfields; the country was the world's seventh-largest coal producer in 2023, exporting most coal through Richards Bay.
Coal mining in the United Kingdom
Coal mining in the United Kingdom, once the country's staple industry, peaked at 292 million tonnes in 1913 and has declined to 425 thousand tonnes in 2024.
Coal mining in the United States
Coal mining in the United States extracts coal across the Appalachian, Interior, and Western regions, led by Wyoming; production peaked in 2008 and has declined as power generation shifted to natural gas and renewables.
Coal phase-out
A coal phase-out is a policy of ending coal use, most often coal-fired power generation, through plant closures, replacement generation, and support for workers and coal regions.
Coal Wars
The Coal Wars were a series of violent labor conflicts in the American coalfields from the 1890s through the early 1930s, fought by unionizing miners against mine operators.
Coal-water slurry fuel
Coal-water slurry fuel (CWS) is a liquid fuel of finely pulverized coal suspended in water, about 70% coal by weight, pumped and burned like heavy fuel oil.
Coalbed methane
Coalbed methane (CBM) is an unconventional natural gas, mainly methane, generated within and adsorbed on coal seams; wells drain water to lower pressure so the gas desorbs and flows.
Coastal GasLink Pipeline
Coastal GasLink is a 670-kilometer natural gas pipeline in British Columbia, Canada, operated by TC Energy from Dawson Creek to Kitimat, known for Wet'suwet'en opposition and costs rising to about $14.5 billion.
Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind
Coastal Virginia Offshore Wind, developed by Dominion Energy, is a 2.6-gigawatt wind farm under construction about 27 miles off Virginia Beach, the largest offshore wind project in the United States.
Cobalt molybdate catalyst
A cobalt molybdate catalyst, usually called a CoMo catalyst, is an alumina-supported catalyst used with hydrogen in refineries to remove sulfur from gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel feedstocks.
Cobalt-free cathode
A cobalt-free cathode is a lithium-ion battery positive electrode with no cobalt, replacing cobalt-bearing NMC and NCA chemistries to cut cost, toxicity, and supply-chain risk.
Cobalt-free LNMO spinel cathode
The cobalt-free LNMO spinel cathode, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, is a lithium-ion battery cathode that discharges at 4.7 V for high energy density, using manganese and nickel instead of cobalt.
Cobia / Tuna Oil and Gas Field
Cobia and Tuna are adjacent oil and gas fields in the Gippsland Basin, Bass Strait, off Victoria, Australia, discovered in 1972 and 1968 and developed by the Esso/BHP joint venture.
Coca Codo Sinclair Dam
Coca Codo Sinclair is a 1,500 MW run-of-river hydroelectric plant on the Coca River in Ecuador, inaugurated in 2016 as the country's largest power station.
Cochin Pipeline (Keyera)
The Cochin Pipeline is a 1,900-mile, 12-inch pipeline from Fort Saskatchewan, Alberta, to Windsor, Ontario, built in 1977–1978 to carry propane, ethane, ethylene, and butane, and reversed in 2014 to carry condensate west.
Codell Sandstone (DJ Basin play)
The Codell Sandstone is a thin, low-permeability reservoir in the Denver Basin of Colorado and adjacent states, a principal oil and gas target of the DJ Basin play.