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NATO Communications and Information Agency
The NATO Communications and Information Agency (NCIA), established on 1 July 2012, is NATO's principal provider of communications, IT, and cyber defense services, with more than 3,000 staff.
NATO Integrated Air Defense System
The NATO Integrated Air Defense System (NATINADS), now the NATO Integrated Air and Missile Defence System, is the sensor and command network protecting all 32 Allies' airspace since 1961.
NATO phonetic alphabet
The NATO phonetic alphabet, formally the International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, assigns code words from Alfa to Zulu to the 26 letters for clear radio communication.
NATO Stock Number
The NATO Stock Number, called a National Stock Number in the United States, is a 13-digit code identifying standardized supply items across NATO and partner forces.
Natrium
Natrium is a 345 MWe sodium-cooled fast reactor with molten salt storage developed by TerraPower and GE Hitachi, able to boost output to 500 MWe.
Natron Energy
Natron Energy was an American battery manufacturer founded in 2012 as a Stanford University spinout that made sodium-ion batteries for data center backup power and ceased operations in September 2025.
NATS (air navigation service provider)
NATS, formerly National Air Traffic Services, is the United Kingdom's main air navigation service provider, managing en route traffic and serving 15 UK airports including Heathrow.
Natural American Spirit
Natural American Spirit, also called American Spirits, is an American cigarette brand founded in Santa Fe, New Mexico, in 1982, marketed as natural and 100% additive-free tobacco.
Natural circulation
Natural circulation is coolant flow through a loop without pumps, driven by buoyancy from density differences; it removes decay heat passively in reactors like the ESBWR and AP1000.
Natural dye
A natural dye, also known as a vegetal dye, is a colorant extracted from plants, animals, minerals, microbes, or their waste, used to color textiles, food, and cosmetics.
Natural Gas Pipeline Company of America
Natural Gas Pipeline Company of America (NGPL), also called Natural, is an interstate natural gas pipeline company carrying gas from Texas to the upper Midwest, centered on Chicago.
Natural gas vehicle
A natural gas vehicle (NGV) is a vehicle that runs on compressed or liquefied natural gas instead of gasoline or diesel, powering some 23 million vehicles worldwide.
Natural gradient
The natural gradient is the steepest ascent direction of a function under the Fisher information metric, computed as the ordinary gradient multiplied by the inverse Fisher matrix.
Natural gradient descent
Natural gradient descent is an optimization method introduced by Shun-ichi Amari in 1998 that rescales the gradient by the inverse Fisher information matrix, following steepest descent on probability distributions.
Natural graphite
Natural graphite is graphite mined from metamorphic rock deposits rather than synthesized from hydrocarbons. It dominates lithium-ion battery anodes, offering low cost, abundance, and high theoretical capacity.
Natural language generation
Natural language generation (NLG), also called language generation, is the area of natural language processing that produces readable text or speech from non-linguistic input like structured records.
Natural language inference
Natural language inference (NLI) is a natural language processing task in which a model decides whether a premise entails, contradicts, or neither implies a hypothesis.
Natural language processing
Natural language processing (NLP) is the field of computing that enables machines to recognize, understand, and generate human text and speech by combining computational linguistics with machine learning.
Natural Questions
Natural Questions, or NQ, is a question answering dataset built by Google AI from real Google search queries paired with human-annotated answers on Wikipedia pages, released in 2019.
Natural Resources Canada
Natural Resources Canada (NRCan) is the department of the Government of Canada responsible for natural resources, energy, minerals, and forestry, formed in 1994 and employing nearly 6,000 people.
Natural rubber
Natural rubber, also called India rubber, is the elastomer obtained from the latex of the rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, and used chiefly in tires and gloves.
Natural uranium
Natural uranium (NU, Unat) is uranium whose isotopic composition is unaltered from nature, with 0.711 percent fissile uranium-235, usable as reactor fuel in heavy water reactors like the CANDU.
Natural-gas condensate
Natural-gas condensate, also known as gas condensate or drip gas, is a light liquid hydrocarbon mixture that separates from natural gas underground or at the surface.
Naturalistic driving study
A naturalistic driving study is a traffic safety research method that continuously records ordinary drivers in their own vehicles so crashes and near-crashes can be studied.
Naturally aspirated engine
A naturally aspirated engine, often called an NA engine, is an internal combustion engine that draws intake air at atmospheric pressure with no turbocharger or supercharger.
NaturalSpeech 3
NaturalSpeech 3 is a zero-shot text-to-speech system from Microsoft Research, announced in 2024 and published at ICML. It splits speech into content, prosody, timbre, and acoustic details, synthesized by separate diffusion models.
Nature Energy (company)
Nature Energy (Nature Energy Biogas A/S) was a Danish biogas producer founded in 1979 that became Europe's largest renewable natural gas producer before Shell acquired it in 2023.
Nature Materials
Nature Materials is a monthly peer-reviewed scientific journal covering the full spectrum of materials science and engineering. Launched in 2002, it was the Nature Publishing Group's first physical-sciences research journal.
Naturgy
Naturgy, formerly Gas Natural Fenosa, is a Spanish utility supplying gas and electricity in Spain and Latin America, tracing its origins to 1843 in Barcelona.
Nauka (satellite bus)
Nauka (Наука) was a Soviet series of battery-powered scientific sub-satellites, first flown in 1968, carried as containers on Zenit reconnaissance satellites and released for autonomous research flights until 1979.