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Distributed operating system
A distributed operating system manages a network of separate computers so users and programs see one system, pursued in 1980s systems like LOCUS, Sprite, Amoeba, and Plan 9.
Distributed power control
Distributed power control (DPC) is a wireless communication method in which each transmitter adjusts its own power from local measurements, so every link meets a required minimum signal-to-interference ratio.
Distributed quantum computing
Distributed quantum computing, also called modular quantum computation, interconnects multiple small quantum processors through quantum communication protocols, the key route to scaling usable qubits beyond any single device.
Distributed Queue Dual Bus
Distributed Queue Dual Bus (DQDB) is a medium access control protocol for metropolitan area networks in which stations share two counterflowing buses by reserving fixed-length slots, standardized as IEEE 802.6 in 1990.
Distributed Raman amplification
Distributed Raman amplification (DRA) is an optical amplification technique in which the transmission fiber itself serves as the gain medium through stimulated Raman scattering, improving signal-to-noise ratio.
Distributed shared memory
Distributed shared memory (DSM) lets processes on separate machines share one common address space as if the memory were local, while the system moves data across the network.
Distributed source coding
Distributed source coding is a family of compression techniques in which encoders compress correlated sources independently and a joint decoder exploits the correlation, with no loss versus joint encoding per Slepian and Wolf.
Distributed space-time coding
Distributed space-time coding (DSTC) is a cooperative communication technique for wireless relay networks in which separated relays transmit columns of a space-time code, achieving full spatial diversity; it was established by Laneman and Wornell in 2003.
Distributed state estimation
Distributed state estimation is a method where networked sensors cooperatively estimate a system's state by exchanging information with neighbors, used in smart grids and target tracking.
Distributed tracing
Distributed tracing is an observability technique that records the path of a request through a distributed system's services, capturing timing data to diagnose latency and failures.
Distributed training of deep neural networks
Distributed training of deep neural networks is the set of parallelism techniques, data, tensor, pipeline, and sharded, used to train one model across thousands of GPUs at once.
Distributed transaction
A distributed transaction is a unit of work spanning two or more independent resource managers, such as databases or microservices, that must commit or roll back as a whole.
Distribution automation
Distribution automation is the use of sensors, communications, and automated switching on the electric distribution grid to detect, isolate, and restore faults, reducing outage duration and extent.
Distribution board
A distribution board, also known as a breaker panel or fuse box, is an enclosure dividing an electrical supply into separate circuits protected by fuses or circuit-breakers.
Distribution company (India)
A distribution company in India, commonly called a DISCOM, is a licensed utility that purchases power and sells it to end consumers through the distribution network.
Distribution matching distillation
Distribution matching distillation (DMD) is a technique that compresses a multi-step diffusion image model into a one-step generator by matching output distributions rather than copying the sampling trajectory.
Distribution regression
Distribution regression is a supervised learning method that predicts a scalar or vector output from a probability distribution, known only through a bag of drawn samples.
Distribution shift
Distribution shift, also known as dataset shift, is the situation in machine learning where test data differ statistically from the data a model was trained on.
Distribution system state estimation
Distribution system state estimation (DSSE) is a power systems method that infers voltage magnitudes and angles across a distribution feeder from limited real-time and pseudo-measurements.
Distribution transformer
A distribution transformer, also called a pole pig or service transformer, makes the final step in voltage reduction, converting medium grid voltage to the low voltage used by homes and businesses.
Distributional hypothesis
The distributional hypothesis is the linguistic claim, stated by Zellig Harris in 1954, that words occurring in the same contexts tend to have similar meanings, underlying word embeddings in NLP.
Distributional reinforcement learning
Distributional reinforcement learning learns the full probability distribution of an agent's random return, not just its expected value. It was introduced by Bellemare, Dabney, and Munos at DeepMind in 2017.
Distributionally robust optimization
Distributionally robust optimization (DRO) is a decision-making framework for uncertainty in which the probability distribution itself is unknown, so decisions perform best under the worst plausible distribution.
Distributor
A distributor is a device in the ignition system of a spark-ignition engine that routes high voltage from one ignition coil to each spark plug in the correct firing order.
District Department of Transportation
The District Department of Transportation (DDOT) is the cabinet-level District of Columbia agency responsible for roads, bridges, sidewalks, transit, and traffic safety, established in 2002 and reporting to the Mayor.
District heating
District heating, also called teleheating or a heat network, supplies hot water or steam to buildings through insulated pipes, often more efficiently than individual heating.
District line
The District line is a London Underground line running east to west across London from Upminster to Ealing Broadway, Richmond, and Wimbledon, serving 60 stations.
Disturbance estimation
Disturbance estimation is a family of control methods that reconstructs unknown external disturbances and model uncertainties acting on a dynamical system from its measured input and output.
Disturbance observer
A disturbance observer (DOB) is a control-system structure that estimates the combined effect of disturbances and model uncertainty so a feedback controller can compensate for them.
Disturbance observer control
Disturbance observer control (DOBC) is a robust control method in which a disturbance observer estimates disturbances and plant model uncertainty and feeds the estimate back to cancel them.