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Electrolytic deposition
Electrolytic deposition is an electrochemical fabrication method in which an external current through an electrolyte deposits metal or ceramic coatings onto conductive substrates, the workpiece serving as the cathode.
Electrolytic reduction
Electrolytic reduction is a conservation treatment that makes a metal artifact the cathode of an electrolytic cell, removing chlorides chiefly from iron recovered from shipwrecks.
Electromagnetic acoustic transducer
An electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) is a non-contact device that generates ultrasound in conducting or ferromagnetic materials without couplant, used for non-destructive testing of hot, coated, or corroded surfaces.
Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System
The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is the US Navy's electromagnetic catapult that launches carrier aircraft with a linear induction motor, replacing steam catapults on Ford-class carriers.
Electromagnetic clutch
An electromagnetic clutch is a clutch that transmits or interrupts torque between shafts on the same axis through electromagnetic operation, controlled electrically without mechanical linkages, as in automotive air-conditioning compressors.
Electromagnetic coil
An electromagnetic coil, also called a magnetic coil, is insulated wire wound into loops so current produces a concentrated magnetic field or an induced voltage.
Electromagnetic compaction of metal powders
Electromagnetic compaction of metal powders, best known as magnetic pulse compaction (MPC), is a powder metallurgy technique that compresses metal powder to near full density in under a millisecond.
Electromagnetic compatibility
Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is the ability of equipment to function in its electromagnetic environment without disturbing other equipment, studied as both an equipment characteristic and an engineering discipline.
Electromagnetic forming
Electromagnetic forming (EMF) is a high-speed metal forming process that shapes conductive sheet or tube workpieces with pulsed magnetic forces and no tool contact, used most often to join tubes.
Electromagnetic interference
Electromagnetic interference (EMI), also known as radio frequency interference, is the degradation of equipment or system performance caused by an electromagnetic disturbance such as lightning.
Electromagnetic shielding
Electromagnetic shielding, also known as RF shielding, blocks electromagnetic fields using conductive or magnetic materials so interference neither enters nor leaves protected electronics, a key method for achieving electromagnetic compatibility.
Electromagnetic suspension
Electromagnetic suspension (EMS) is a maglev method in which vehicle electromagnets attract it upward toward a ferromagnetic track, holding a small actively controlled gap at all speeds.
Electromagnetic transient simulation
Electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation is a time-domain numerical method computing instantaneous power network voltages and currents during fast disturbances like switching, faults, and lightning, introduced by Hermann Dommel in 1969.
Electromechanics
Electromechanics, also called electromechanical engineering, is the branch of engineering concerned with converting energy between electrical and mechanical forms, chiefly in motors, generators, transformers, sensors, and actuators.
Electromigration
Electromigration is the current-driven transport of metal atoms in a conductor: moving electrons push metal ions toward the anode, forming voids that open chip interconnects and limit integrated-circuit lifetime.
Electron beam curing
Electron beam curing (EB curing) is a nonthermal, out-of-autoclave manufacturing method that uses high-energy electrons to solidify polymer composites, coatings, and inks in seconds rather than hours.
Electron beam physical vapor deposition
Electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) is a vacuum coating technique in which an electron beam evaporates source material that condenses as a thin film on a substrate.
Electron capture detector
The electron capture detector (ECD) is a gas chromatography detector that measures halogenated compounds at picogram levels, invented by James Lovelock and reported in 1960.
Electron first-stage recovery program
Rocket Lab's Electron first-stage recovery program, begun in 2018, recovers the small-lift rocket's first stage by guided re-entry, parachutes, and retrieval at sea instead of propulsive landing.
Electron gun
An electron gun is an electrode assembly that produces, accelerates, and focuses a directed beam of electrons for vacuum tubes, electron microscopes, welding, and lithography.
Electron microscope
An electron microscope forms images with a beam of electrons instead of light, resolving detail far beyond optical microscopes; the first was built in 1931.
Electron transport layer
An electron transport layer is an n-type semiconductor film in a solar cell that extracts photo-generated electrons to the electrode and blocks holes, used chiefly in perovskite solar cells.
Electron-beam additive manufacturing
Electron-beam additive manufacturing (EBAM) is a metal 3D printing method that melts powder or wire with an electron beam under vacuum, used for aerospace and implants.
Electron-beam lithography
Electron-beam lithography, also called E-beam lithography, is a maskless nanofabrication technique that writes patterns with a focused electron beam, achieving sub-10 nm resolution; its low speed limits it to photomasks and research.
Electron-beam melting
Electron-beam melting (EBM), also called selective electron beam melting, is an additive manufacturing process that melts metal powder layer by layer in vacuum, used for orthopedic implants and aerospace turbine components.
Electron-beam sputter deposition
Electron-beam sputter deposition is a sparsely documented physical vapor deposition technique at the intersection of sputter deposition, which ejects target atoms with ions, and electron-beam evaporation.
Electron-beam technology
Electron-beam technology uses focused, accelerated beams of electrons as a controllable energy source, chiefly for welding metals, machining and drilling, 3D printing of metal parts, and nanoscale lithography.
Electron-beam wafer inspection
Electron-beam wafer inspection is a semiconductor metrology technique that scans a focused electron beam across a patterned wafer, imaging defects down to about 1 nm that optical tools miss.
Electron-beam welding
Electron-beam welding (EBW) is a fusion welding process in which a focused beam of high-velocity electrons melts metal inside a vacuum chamber, producing deep, narrow welds in a single pass.
Electron-beam-induced deposition
Electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID), also called focused electron beam induced deposition, is a nanofabrication technique where a focused electron beam dissociates gaseous precursors to write nanoscale solid deposits.