61,984 articles
Gradial
Gradial, legally Panorama Artificial Intelligence Corp., is a Seattle agentic marketing AI company founded in 2023, whose AI agents author, check, and publish enterprise marketing content.
Gradient accumulation
Gradient accumulation is a neural network training technique that sums gradients from several small micro-batches before one optimizer step, simulating a larger batch size than fits in GPU memory.
Gradient boosting
Gradient boosting is a machine learning method that builds predictive models by fitting simple learners to the gradient of a loss, formalized by Jerome Friedman in 2001.
Gradient clipping
Gradient clipping is a modification to gradient descent that caps the gradient's norm at a chosen threshold each iteration, used to stabilize training and enforce differential privacy.
Gradient compression
Gradient compression is a set of techniques that reduces the volume of data exchanged between workers in distributed machine learning training, chiefly by sparsification or quantization to relieve the communication bottleneck.
Gradient descent
Gradient descent, also called steepest descent, is an iterative optimization method that minimizes a differentiable function by repeatedly stepping in the direction of the negative gradient.
Gradient Episodic Memory (GEM)
Gradient Episodic Memory (GEM) is a continual learning algorithm that stores examples from past tasks and projects gradients to prevent catastrophic forgetting, introduced in 2017.
Gradient metasurface
A gradient metasurface is an optically thin array of subwavelength elements whose spatially varying phase response redirects, focuses, or reshapes light, described by the generalized Snell's law.
Gradient projection method
The gradient projection method is a first-order constrained optimization algorithm that minimizes a differentiable objective over a convex set by projecting each gradient step back onto it.
Gradient-based adversarial suffix attacks
A gradient-based adversarial suffix attack is an automated jailbreak method for large language models, introduced by Andy Zou and colleagues in 2023 through the Greedy Coordinate Gradient algorithm.
Gradient-boosted decision tree
A gradient-boosted decision tree (GBDT) is an ensemble machine learning method for tabular data that fits a sequence of small regression trees, each correcting the previous trees' errors.
Gradio
Gradio is an open-source Python library for building and sharing web demos of machine learning models, created in 2019 by Abubakar Abid and acquired by Hugging Face in December 2021.
Gradium
Gradium is a Paris-based AI company building real-time voice models for speech generation, transcription, and translation, founded in 2025 as the commercial arm of the Kyutai lab.
Gradle
Gradle is an open-source build automation tool for JVM-based software that uses Groovy or Kotlin build scripts, and is the official build tool for Android.
Gradually varied flow
Gradually varied flow (GVF) is steady, non-uniform open-channel flow in which water depth changes slowly with distance, keeping pressure hydrostatic, as in backwater behind a dam.
Graduated driver licensing
Graduated driver licensing (GDL) is a licensing system that phases in novice drivers' privileges through supervised learning and intermediate restrictions on night driving and young passengers, reducing crashes.
Grafana
Grafana is an open-source data visualization and observability platform developed by Grafana Labs that turns metrics, logs, and traces from sources like Prometheus into interactive dashboards.
Grafenrheinfeld nuclear power plant
Grafenrheinfeld nuclear power plant (KKG) was a German nuclear power station in Bavaria that ran a pressurized water reactor from 1982 until 2015 and is now being dismantled.
Graft copolymer
A graft copolymer is a branched copolymer whose side chains, differing from the main backbone, are covalently attached along it; ABS plastic is a common example.
GrafTech
GrafTech International Ltd. is an American manufacturer of graphite electrodes for electric arc furnace steelmaking, founded in 1886 and headquartered in Brooklyn Heights, Ohio, with plants in Europe and Mexico.
Graha Merah Putih
Graha Merah Putih, Indonesian for "Red and White Building", is the name of two Telkom Indonesia office buildings: the head office tower in South Jakarta and a former headquarters in Bandung.
Graham C. Goodwin
Graham C. Goodwin, born 1945 in Broken Hill, Australia, is a control engineer at the University of Newcastle whose 1980 adaptive control proof is considered seminal.
Graham Corporation
Graham Corporation is an American engineering and manufacturing company in Batavia, New York, founded in 1936, building vacuum, heat transfer, and turbomachinery equipment for defense, energy, and space markets.
Graham V. Candler
Graham V. Candler is an American aerospace engineer at the University of Minnesota known for hypersonic flow simulation, leading the lab behind the US3D solver used on NASA missions.
Grain boundary complexion
A grain boundary complexion is the thermodynamically stable state of a grain boundary or other interface, whose structure and composition are set by temperature, pressure, and chemical potential.
Grain boundary engineering
Grain boundary engineering (GBE) is a materials-design strategy, proposed by Tadao Watanabe in 1984, that controls grain boundary types and connectivity to improve properties, with applications against corrosion and cracking.
Grain boundary strengthening
Grain boundary strengthening, also called Hall–Petch strengthening, is a method of strengthening polycrystalline metals by reducing their average grain size, described by the Hall–Petch equation proposed in 1951.
Grain elevator
A grain elevator, also called a grain terminal, is a facility that receives, stores, weighs, and distributes grain, named for the tall tower structure that stores it.
Grain growth
Grain growth is the coarsening of crystalline grains in a polycrystalline material during annealing at high temperature, driven by reduction of grain-boundary energy; it strongly influences strength, corrosion resistance, and creep.
Grain LNG Terminal
Grain LNG Terminal, also called the Isle of Grain LNG Terminal, is the United Kingdom's largest LNG import terminal, located on the Isle of Grain in Kent, southeast England.