61,984 articles
History of Google
History of Google traces the company founded by Larry Page and Sergey Brin in 1998 from a Stanford search engine project to its 2015 reorganization under Alphabet.
History of gunpowder
The history of gunpowder (火药) spans a millennium: first recorded in China in 808, transmitted westward by the Mongols, and the world's principal explosive until smokeless powders.
History of hang gliding
The history of hang gliding spans more than 120 years of foot-launched flight, from Otto Lilienthal's pioneering gliders in the 1890s to the sport's explosive growth after 1963.
History of hard disk drives
The history of hard disk drives covers seven decades from IBM's 1956 RAMAC through Winchester technology, shrinking form factors, and an industry consolidated to three makers.
History of horse-drawn transport
Horse-drawn transport is the use of horses to pull wheeled vehicles, spreading from the Eurasian steppe after 3500 BC and dominating land transport until the early 1900s.
History of IBM
The history of IBM traces the company from its 1911 founding as C-T-R to mainframe dominance in the 1960s and its reinvention as a services firm.
History of IBM magnetic disk drives
History of IBM magnetic disk drives covers IBM's hard disk drives from the 1956 IBM 350, the first commercial hard disk drive, until the business was sold to Hitachi in 2002.
History of immersed tube tunnelling
The history of immersed tube tunnelling runs from Wyatt's 1810 brick cylinders through the 1890s Shirley Gut siphon and the 1910 Detroit River Tunnel to two traditions, the American steel shell and the European concrete box.
History of iTunes
The history of iTunes covers Apple's media player, introduced January 9, 2001 and built from SoundJam MP, and its 2003 iTunes Music Store, until macOS Catalina split it into separate apps in 2019.
History of Lamborghini
The history of Lamborghini covers the Italian supercar maker founded by Ferruccio Lamborghini in 1963, home of the Miura and Countach, and a Volkswagen Group subsidiary through Audi since 1998.
History of laptops
The history of laptops traces portable computing from the 24-pound, $1,795 Osborne 1 of 1981 through the clamshell GRiD Compass of 1982 to the mass-market Toshiba T1100 of 1985.
History of Lego
History of Lego: Danish toy company founded 1932 in Billund by Ole Kirk Kristiansen; 'leg godt' name, 1958 stud-and-tube brick patent, 1978 minifigure, 2004 Knudstorp turnaround, family-owned to this day.
History of Linux
The history of Linux, also called Linux history, covers the free Unix-like kernel started by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and combined with GNU into complete operating systems.
History of Microsoft
History of Microsoft Corporation covers the company's founding in 1975, its MS-DOS and Windows dominance, the 2000 antitrust ruling, and its cloud-and-AI transformation under CEO Satya Nadella.
History of Microsoft Office
The history of Microsoft Office follows the productivity suite bundling Word, Excel, and PowerPoint from its 1989 debut through the suite wars to the Microsoft 365 subscription era.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
The history of Microsoft SQL Server began in 1989 as a licensed Sybase engine on OS/2, diverging after the 1994 split into an independent Windows and Linux product.
History of Microsoft Word
The history of Microsoft Word begins with its 1983 release as Multi-Tool Word, created by Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, which became the dominant word processor of the 1990s.
History of mobile phones
The history of mobile phones, also called the history or evolution of cellular phones, spans 1946 car radiotelephones, 1980s handheld cellular phones, and modern smartphones.
History of Nokia
The history of Nokia traces the Finnish company from an 1865 wood-pulp mill to the world's largest mobile phone maker and its 2013 handset sale to Microsoft.
History of nuclear weapons
The history of nuclear weapons covers the Manhattan Project's first atomic bombs in 1945, their use on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the Cold War arms race, and arms control.
History of operating systems
The history of operating systems, also called the history of computer operating systems, runs from the first system, built by General Motors for the IBM 704 in 1956, through time sharing, UNIX, personal computers, and Linux.
History of paper
The history of paper, also called kaghaz, covers paper's invention in Han China, credited to Cai Lun in 105 CE, and its spread through the Islamic world to Europe.
History of personal computers
The history of personal computers, also called the microcomputer revolution, traces computing's move into homes and offices, starting with the 1975 Altair 8800 and the 1977 Apple II.
History of pilot licensing and certification
The history of pilot licensing and certification traces how state-issued pilot credentials evolved from aero-club certificates in 1909 to international standards under ICAO Annex 1.
History of printing
The history of printing traces reproduction of text and images from Chinese woodblocks around 600 CE and Bi Sheng's movable type to Gutenberg's press of about 1450 and modern digital printing.
History of programming languages
The history of programming languages traces formal notations for instructing computers, from Zuse's 1945 Plankalkül and Grace Hopper's 1952 A-0 compiler through FORTRAN, COBOL, C, and today's paradigms.
History of Python
The history of Python covers the programming language Guido van Rossum began as a hobby project at CWI in Amsterdam in December 1989, first released in 1991.
History of radar
The history of radar traces the technique of detecting objects by radio echoes from Hertz's experiments and Hülsmeyer's 1904 Telemobiloskop through Britain's Chain Home network and the cavity magnetron to weather and satellite radar.
History of radio
The history of radio covers wireless communication from Maxwell's 1865 prediction of radio waves, through Marconi's first transatlantic signal in 1901, to broadcasting, FM, and digital radio.
History of rail transport
The history of rail transport, also called the history of trains, runs from wooden wagonways of the early 1600s through steam locomotion to electrified high-speed rail.