61,984 articles
History of rail transport in India
The history of rail transport in India began with the first passenger train, from Bombay to Thane in 1853, and continues under the unified Indian Railways formed after 1947.
History of robots
The history of robots traces programmable machines from Hero of Alexandria's automata through the word robot, coined from Czech robota for Čapek's 1920 play R.U.R., to modern rovers.
History of rockets
The history of rockets spans nine centuries, from accidental Chinese gunpowder fireworks through Tipu Sultan's iron-cased rockets in 1780s India to Goddard's first liquid-fueled flight in 1926.
History of sewerage and sanitation
The history of sewerage and sanitation traces urban drainage from Mesopotamia and Rome's Cloaca Maxima through a medieval decline to 19th-century reforms like Bazalgette's London sewers.
History of smartphones
The history of smartphones traces the development of mobile phones combining cellular calling, computing, and internet apps, from the IBM Simon in 1994 to the Android and iOS duopoly.
History of sound recording
The history of sound recording covers capture and reproduction technologies from Scott's 1857 phonautograph to Edison's 1877 phonograph, the first machine that could record and play back sound.
History of SpaceX
The history of SpaceX covers the American launch company Elon Musk founded in 2002, which became the first private company to send a liquid-fueled rocket to orbit.
History of Spotify
The history of Spotify covers the Swedish streaming service from its 2006 founding by Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon to 751 million users across 184 countries.
History of submarines
The history of submarines traces crewed underwater craft from Bushnell's Turtle in 1776 through the diesel-electric boats of the 1900s to nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines and research submersibles like Alvin.
History of technology
The history of technology is the record of human tools and machines, running from Paleolithic stone implements and cuneiform writing through steam, electricity, and computing to the internet.
History of telecommunication
The history of telecommunication traces how information traveled over distance, from French semaphore towers through the electric telegraph, telephone, radio, submarine cables, satellites, fiber optics, and mobile networks.
History of telegraphy in Australia
Telegraphy in Australia began with Victoria's first telegraph line, opened between Melbourne and Williamstown in 1854, and culminated in the 1872 Overland Telegraph Line to Darwin.
History of telegraphy in Russia and the Soviet Union
The history of telegraphy in Russia and the Soviet Union covers telegraph systems from the 1790s until the late twentieth century, built and run by the state.
History of Tesla, Inc.
The history of Tesla, Inc. began with its 2003 founding in California, leading to the 2008 Roadster and its growth into a mass-market electric car maker.
History of the autogyro
The history of the autogyro begins with Juan de la Cierva's first successful flight in Madrid in 1923, predating the practical helicopter by about 15 years.
History of the automobile
The history of the automobile spans Cugnot's 1769 steam tricycle, Benz's 1886 gasoline Patent-Motorwagen, Ford's 1913 moving assembly line, and the modern shift to electric drive.
History of the battery
The history of the battery runs from Volta's 1800 voltaic pile through Planté's 1859 lead-acid battery to lithium-ion cells, commercialized in 1991, whose prices have fallen nearly 97%.
History of the bicycle
The history of the bicycle is the two-century development of the human-powered two-wheeler, from the 1817 draisine through the penny-farthing to the 1885 safety bicycle.
History of the British canal system
The history of the British canal system covers the building, decline, and leisure revival of Britain's man-made waterways, from Roman-era works to a 4,250-mile peak network.
History of the electric vehicle
The history of the electric vehicle spans early 20th-century decline and a modern revival that by 2025 made electric cars a quarter of new car sales.
History of the firearm
The history of the firearm traces gunpowder weapons from Chinese hand cannons of the 13th century through successive ignition systems and cartridges to the modern magazine-fed gun.
History of the floppy disk
The floppy disk was invented at IBM in 1967 under David L. Noble, evolving through 8-inch, 5.25-inch, and 3.5-inch formats before production ended in 2011.
History of the German Army Aviation Corps
The History of the German Army Aviation Corps covers the Heeresfliegertruppe, the German Army's helicopter arm, from 1954 planning and 1957 first units through reunification and reform.
History of the graphical user interface
The history of the GUI, also known as the history of the graphical user interface, traces computers' move from typed commands to on-screen objects, beginning in the early 1960s.
History of the internal combustion engine
The history of the internal combustion engine spans Étienne Lenoir's first commercial gas engine of 1860, Otto's four-stroke cycle of 1876, the Benz automobile, and Rudolf Diesel's 1897 engine.
History of the Internet
The history of the Internet covers how ARPANET, a 1969 US Defense Department research network, grew through TCP/IP, NSFNET, and the World Wide Web into a global system.
History of the iPhone
The history of the iPhone traces Apple's smartphone from its 2007 announcement by Steve Jobs through the App Store era and over one billion units sold.
History of the jet airliner
The history of the jet airliner spans the de Havilland Comet, withdrawn in 1954 after metal-fatigue crashes, the 1958 Boeing 707, the 1970 widebody 747, and the supersonic Concorde.
History of the jet engine
The history of the jet engine covers gas turbine propulsion from the 1930s onward: Frank Whittle and Hans von Ohain built the first turbojets, which flew by 1939 and 1941.
History of the LED
The history of the LED runs from a 1907 electroluminescence report to the first practical red LED in 1962 and the blue LEDs of the early 1990s.