61,984 articles
Incoherent scatter radar
An incoherent scatter radar (ISR) is a high-power, large-aperture radar measuring ionospheric electron density, temperatures, and drifts, proposed in 1958, with about eleven facilities operating worldwide.
Incoloy 825
Incoloy 825, also known as Alloy 825 or UNS N08825, is a nickel-iron-chromium alloy introduced in the 1950s for corrosion resistance, especially to sulfuric acid and sour gas.
Incomplete penetration
Incomplete penetration is a welding imperfection in which weld metal fails to reach the penetration depth required by the drawing or code, typically at a groove weld's root.
Inconel
Inconel is a family of nickel-chromium high-performance alloys owned as a trademark by Special Metals Corporation, known for corrosion resistance and strength at elevated temperatures.
Inconel 625
Inconel 625 (UNS N06625) is a nickel-chromium-molybdenum-niobium superalloy sold by Special Metals, valued for strength, weldability, and corrosion resistance from cryogenic temperatures to 982 °C (1800 °F).
Inconel 718
Inconel 718 (IN718, UNS N07718) is a high-strength, corrosion-resistant nickel-chromium superalloy introduced by INCO before 1960, widely used in aerospace engines, rockets, and oil and gas equipment.
INCOSE
INCOSE (International Council on Systems Engineering) is a global not-for-profit membership organization for systems engineering. Founded in 1990, it has over 27,000 members and publishes the INCOSE Systems Engineering Handbook.
Increment and decrement operators
Increment and decrement operators, written ++ and --, are unary operators from the B and C languages that add or subtract 1 from a variable.
Incremental capacity analysis
Incremental capacity analysis (ICA) is a non-invasive battery diagnostics method that differentiates charge with respect to voltage, turning plateaus into peaks that reveal lithium-ion degradation mechanisms like loss of lithium inventory.
Incremental computation
Incremental computation is a computing method that updates a program's output when its input changes, doing work proportional to the change rather than the dataset.
Incremental dynamic analysis
Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) is a structural engineering method introduced by Vamvatsikos and Cornell in 2001 that assesses seismic performance and collapse capacity by scaling ground-motion records to increasing intensities.
Incremental launch
Incremental launch is a bridge construction method in which superstructure segments are cast behind an abutment and jacked over the piers, developed in the early 1960s.
Incremental learning (machine learning)
Incremental learning trains a machine learning model by updating it continuously as new data arrives instead of retraining from a fixed dataset, with catastrophic forgetting as its central difficulty.
Incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion
Incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion, or INDI, is a sensor-based flight control method derived from nonlinear dynamic inversion that needs only the control effectiveness matrix as its model.
Incremental processing
Incremental processing: data engineering pattern where pipelines process only new, updated, or deleted records since the last run, using watermarks, timestamps, or change data capture instead of full refresh.
Incremental reading
Incremental reading is a learning technique in which long texts are read in small scheduled portions, with extracted fragments converted into flashcards for spaced repetition review.
Incremental redundancy
Incremental redundancy is a HARQ retransmission technique in which the transmitter sends different coded bits each round, lowering the effective code rate until decoding succeeds.
Incremental relaying
Incremental relaying is a cooperative communication protocol in which a relay retransmits a source's signal to the destination only when destination feedback shows the direct transmission failed.
Incremental sheet forming
Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is a dieless sheet-metal forming process in which a small numerically controlled tool progressively deforms a clamped sheet into a three-dimensional part.
Incremental view maintenance
Incremental view maintenance (IVM) computes and applies only deltas to materialized views when base tables change, instead of full recomputation. Key ideas: delta queries, counting algorithm, immediate vs deferred maintenance, DBSP/F-IVM engines.
Incubator (culture)
A culture incubator is an enclosed laboratory device that maintains controlled temperature, humidity, and often CO2 concentration so cells, microorganisms, and biological samples grow predictably.
Indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole
Indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole (IDT-BT) is a donor–acceptor conjugated polymer in which electron-rich indacenodithiophene alternates with electron-poor benzothiadiazole; it is a leading p-type semiconductor for organic field-effect transistors, reaching hole mobility up to 3.6 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹.
Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper
Indah Kiat Pulp & Paper is an Indonesian pulp and paper company founded in 1976, with mills at Perawang, Serang, and Tangerang and part of Asia Pulp & Paper.
Indego (exoskeleton)
Indego is a powered lower-limb exoskeleton developed at Vanderbilt University that enables people with spinal cord injury or stroke to stand and walk; it is now sold by Ekso Bionics.
Indemnification clause
An indemnification clause is a contract provision in which one party agrees to defend and pay for third-party claims against the other, such as IP infringement suits.
Inden Coal Mine
The Inden Coal Mine (Tagebau Inden) is an RWE open-cast lignite mine in the Rhenish lignite district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, one of three large mines alongside Hambach and Garzweiler.
Independence Contract Drilling, Inc.
Independence Contract Drilling, Inc. was a Houston, Texas-based provider of contract land drilling services for shale producers, listed on the NYSE as ICD from 2014 until its 2024 bankruptcy.
Independence Hall
Independence Hall is a historic brick building in Philadelphia, built as the Pennsylvania State House, where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were debated and signed.
Independence Steam Station
Independence Steam Station, formally the Independence Steam Electric Station, is a two-unit coal-fired power plant near Newark, Arkansas, operated by Entergy Arkansas, with units online in 1983 and 1984.
Independence Trail Natural Gas Pipeline
The Independence Trail is a 134-mile natural gas pipeline in the Gulf of Mexico, owned by Enterprise Products Partners, linking the Independence Hub to the Tennessee Gas Pipeline.