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Impulse turbine
An impulse turbine is a turbine in which the entire pressure drop of the working fluid occurs in stationary nozzles, with zero pressure change across the rotor blades.
Impulse-based dynamics
Impulse-based dynamics is a method for simulating rigid body motion in which contact and joint constraints are resolved by applying impulses rather than computing constraint forces.
Impulsive noise blanking
Impulsive noise blanking is a receiver technique that detects samples hit by short, high-energy noise bursts and sets them to zero, used in HF radio and power line communication receivers.
Impunzi Complex
The Impunzi Complex, also written iMpunzi, is a coal mining complex in the Witbank coalfield of Mpumalanga, South Africa, managed by Glencore and held with African Rainbow Minerals, producing export thermal coal near eMalahleni.
Imre Csiszár
Imre Csiszár is a Hungarian mathematician and information theorist at the Rényi Institute in Budapest, whose 1978 broadcast channel secrecy characterization underlies modern physical-layer security.
IMS Health
IMS Health was an American healthcare analytics company founded in 1954 that collected prescription and sales data for drugmakers, merging into Quintiles in 2016 to form IQVIA.
IMSAI 8080
The IMSAI 8080 was an early microcomputer built by IMS Associates of San Leandro, California, released in 1975 and regarded as the first microcomputer clone of the Altair 8800.
IMSI-catcher
An IMSI-catcher, also known as a cell-site simulator or StingRay, is a device that impersonates a legitimate cell tower so nearby mobile phones connect to it and reveal their unique subscriber identity, enabling tracking.
IMT-2000
IMT-2000 (International Mobile Telecommunications-2000) is the International Telecommunication Union's umbrella designation for third-generation (3G) mobile systems, a family of standards using the nominal 2 GHz band and deployed around the year 2000.
In Amenas-Haoudh El Hamra Oil Pipeline
The In Amenas-Haoudh El Hamra Oil Pipeline is a 630 km, 30-inch crude oil pipeline in Algeria, operated by Sonatrach as OH1 and commissioned in 1982.
In Salah Gas Pipeline
The In Salah Gas Pipeline is a 520 km natural gas pipeline in Algeria, carrying gas from the In Salah fields to the Hassi R'Mel hub since 2004.
In situ alloying in powder bed fusion
In situ alloying in powder bed fusion is an additive manufacturing approach where a part's alloy forms in the melt pool by melting blended elemental powders during printing.
In situ chemical oxidation
In situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) is a groundwater remediation method that injects oxidants such as permanganate, persulfate, hydrogen peroxide, or ozone to destroy organic contaminants in place, without excavation.
In situ preservation and reburial
In situ preservation and reburial is a conservation strategy protecting archaeological sites, especially underwater cultural heritage, in place; Article 2.5 of UNESCO's 2001 Convention makes it the first option.
In situ transesterification
In situ transesterification, also called direct transesterification, is a biodiesel production method that converts lipid-bearing biomass such as wet microalgae directly to fatty acid alkyl esters, skipping the separate oil-extraction step.
In So Kweon
In So Kweon (권인소) is a South Korean computer vision researcher, professor emeritus at KAIST and head of KIST's Center for Physical AI Research from 2026.
In the Heart of the Sea
In the Heart of the Sea is a 2015 American historical adventure-drama film directed by Ron Howard, adapting Nathaniel Philbrick's account of the 1820 whaleship Essex disaster.
In-app purchase
An in-app purchase is a transaction made inside a mobile or desktop application to buy digital content, features, or services through the app store's billing system.
In-batch negatives
In-batch negatives, or batch negatives, is a contrastive training technique that reuses the positives of other queries in a batch as free negative examples, first used in Google's Smart Reply.
In-context learning
In-context learning is the ability of a large language model to learn a new task from examples in its prompt, with no change to its weights.
In-core neutron detector
An in-core neutron detector is a radiation sensor placed inside a nuclear reactor core to measure local neutron flux and verify the reactor's three-dimensional power distribution.
In-display fingerprint sensor
An in-display fingerprint sensor is a fingerprint reader beneath a smartphone's screen glass, reading fingerprints optically or ultrasonically; the Vivo X20 Plus UD first shipped one in January 2018.
In-flight breakup
An in-flight breakup is the structural disintegration of an aircraft in flight, recognized by a wide debris trail, and caused by fatigue, fuel tank explosions, or flutter.
In-flight fire
An in-flight fire is a fire that starts or continues aboard an airborne aircraft, in the cabin, flight deck, cargo holds, or hidden areas like avionics bays.
In-hand manipulation
In-hand manipulation is a robotic hand's ability to control the position and orientation of a held object without regrasping, studied through rolling, pivoting, sliding, and finger gaiting.
In-line inspection (pipelines)
In-line inspection, also known as smart pigging, inspects a pipeline from the inside using an instrumented tool, or smart pig, that travels with the product flow to detect flaws.
In-memory computing
In-memory computing (IMC), also called compute-in-memory, is a computer architecture approach that performs arithmetic inside or adjacent to the memory holding the data, avoiding costly data movement.
In-memory database
An in-memory database (IMDB), also called a RAM database, is a database management system that keeps its primary data in main memory rather than on disk.
In-memory processing
In-memory processing keeps a workload's data resident in RAM rather than on disk to speed up analytics, transactions, and machine learning, studied since the 1980s in systems like SAP HANA and Spark.
In-pit crushing
In-pit crushing is the practice of crushing run-of-mine rock inside or at the edge of an open pit so it can leave by conveyor instead of haul truck.