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Immersion cooling
Immersion cooling, also called submersion cooling, is a data center technique that submerges servers in nonconductive dielectric liquid, cooling all components directly and cutting cooling energy.
Immersion lithography
Immersion lithography is a semiconductor photolithography technique in which purified water fills the gap between the final lens and the wafer, raising the numerical aperture from 0.93 to 1.35 and enabling sub-40-nm patterning.
Immobiliser
An immobiliser, also called an engine immobiliser, is an electronic security device that stops a car's engine starting unless the correct key is present, helping cut car theft.
Immovable Ladder
The Immovable Ladder is a wooden ladder on a window ledge of Jerusalem's Church of the Holy Sepulchre, unmoved since at least 1728 because the Status Quo requires consent of all six custodian churches to move it.
Immuta
Immuta is a Boston-based data security and data provisioning company founded in 2015 by Matthew Carroll, Steve Touw, and Mike Schiller; its platform enforces centralized, attribute-based access policies across Snowflake, Databricks, and other cloud data platforms, with $259.5M raised.
Immutable infrastructure
Immutable infrastructure is infrastructure that is never modified after deployment; every update, patch, or configuration change produces a new artifact that replaces the old one.
Immutable object
An immutable object is an object whose state cannot be modified after it is created, a property that lets it be shared among threads without locks.
Imnam Dam (임남댐)
Imnam Dam, also called Geumgangsan Dam, is a dam on the upper Bukhan River in Kangwon-do, North Korea, built for hydroelectric generation and completed in 2003.
Imo (messaging app)
Imo is a free instant messaging and calling application offering text, voice, and video calls over the internet, founded in 2007 with over 200 million users worldwide.
IMO global shipping carbon levy
A proposed mechanism by the International Maritime Organization to price greenhouse gas emissions from large ships on international voyages, drafted in 2025 as part of its Net-Zero Framework.
IMO Net-Zero Framework
The IMO Net-Zero Framework is a draft set of MARPOL amendments, approved in April 2025, combining a marine fuel standard with emissions pricing for large oceangoing ships.
IMO number
An IMO number is a permanent ship identification number, three letters and seven digits, introduced in 1987 and mandatory since 1996 for most passenger and cargo ships.
IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases
The IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases (SMCP) are standardized English phrases for safety-related ship and shore communication at sea, adopted by the International Maritime Organization in November 2001.
IMovie
iMovie, also known as Apple iMovie, is a free consumer video editing application for Mac, iPhone, and iPad, first released by Apple in October 1999.
IMPACT (SGI)
IMPACT was a family of 3D graphics board sets sold by Silicon Graphics for its Indigo2 workstation in the mid-1990s, offered as Solid IMPACT, High IMPACT, and Maximum IMPACT.
Impact Arena (อิมแพ็ค อารีน่า)
Impact Arena (อิมแพ็ค อารีน่า) is a 12,000-seat multi-purpose indoor arena in Nonthaburi, on the northern edge of Bangkok, built in 1997 for the 1998 Asian Games.
Impact damper
An impact damper is a passive vibration-control device in which a free mass moving between stops collides with the structure, dissipating energy as heat and noise.
Impact ionization
Impact ionization is a semiconductor process in which a high-energy carrier struck by a strong electric field creates an electron-hole pair, cascading into avalanche breakdown.
Impact mapping
Impact mapping is a collaborative planning technique in software engineering that maps a business goal to actors, behavior changes, and deliverables, introduced by Gojko Adzic in 2012.
Impact test
An impact test strikes a material or component with a sudden single load and measures the energy absorbed in fracturing it, gauging toughness and resistance to brittle fracture.
Impact wear
Impact wear is wear of a solid surface caused by percussion, that is, repetitive dynamic contact by another body, driven mainly by surface fatigue and plastic deformation.
Impact welding
Impact welding is a solid-state joining method that bonds similar or dissimilar metals by driving a flyer plate into a target at several hundred meters per second.
IMPALA (machine learning)
IMPALA (Importance Weighted Actor-Learner Architecture) is a distributed reinforcement learning architecture introduced by DeepMind in 2018, separating actors that collect experience from a centralized learner.
Impala South-East Oil Field
Impala South-East Oil Field, or Impala South East, is an offshore oil field in Block 3/05, about 37 km off Angola, discovered in 1985 and producing since 1988.
IMPASS (robot)
IMPASS, short for Intelligent Mobility Platform with Active Spoke System, is a wheel-leg hybrid robot from Virginia Tech whose extendable spokes let it walk over uneven terrain.
IMPATT diode
An IMPATT diode (IMPact ionization Avalanche Transit-Time diode) is a semiconductor device that generates or amplifies microwave signals, producing the highest power at the highest frequencies of any semiconductor device.
Impedance analyzer
An impedance analyzer is an electronic test instrument that measures the complex impedance of components, circuits, or materials across a swept frequency range, displaying results graphically.
Impedance control
Impedance control is a robot interaction-control strategy, introduced by Neville Hogan of MIT in 1984, that gives a robot's end point a chosen mechanical behavior such as mass-spring-damper dynamics.
Impedance-based fault detection
Impedance-based fault detection, known in practice as distance protection, is a power system protection method that infers a fault's presence, direction, and location from apparent impedance at the relay.
Impedance-based fault location
Impedance-based fault location is the technique of finding where a short-circuit fault lies on a power line by converting measured voltage and current at the line terminals into a distance.