61,984 articles
Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining
The Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining (IOM3) is a British professional and scientific institution for the materials cycle, formed in June 2002 from a merger of two institutes.
Institute of Nuclear Power Operations
The Institute of Nuclear Power Operations (INPO) is a nonprofit industry group, created in December 1979 after Three Mile Island to promote safety at US nuclear plants.
Institute of Radio Engineers
The Institute of Radio Engineers was an international professional society for radio and electronics engineers, founded in 1912 and merged into the IEEE in 1963.
Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences
The Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is centered at the Shenyang Institute of Automation in Shenyang, which built China's first industrial robot prototype in 1980.
Institution of Chemical Engineers
The Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE) is the UK-based professional qualifying body and learned society for chemical, biochemical, and process engineers, founded in 1922 and chartered in 1957, with headquarters in Rugby.
Institution of Civil Engineers
The Institution of Civil Engineers, known as ICE, is a London-based professional membership body for civil and infrastructure engineers, founded in 1818 with nearly 98,000 members worldwide.
Institution of Engineering and Technology
The Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) is a British professional engineering institution for all engineering disciplines, formed in 2006 by merging the IEE and IIE.
Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka
The Institution of Engineers, Sri Lanka (IESL) is the apex professional body for engineers in Sri Lanka, with over 25,000 members, incorporated by Parliament in 1968.
Institution of Mechanical Engineers
The Institution of Mechanical Engineers (IMechE) is a British professional engineering institution founded in Birmingham in 1847, with over 110,000 members in 140 countries and headquarters at 1 Birdcage Walk, London.
Institution of Structural Engineers
The Institution of Structural Engineers (IStructE), founded in 1908 and chartered in 1934, is a London-based international professional body for structural engineering with about 30,000 members.
Institutional control
Institutional control is the set of active and passive administrative and legal measures, used chiefly in radioactive waste management, that prevent human disturbance of a closed disposal facility and preserve knowledge of it for future generations.
Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes
The Instituto da Mobilidade e dos Transportes (IMT) is a Portuguese public institute handling driving licenses, vehicle registration, and transport licensing, created in 2012 and headquartered in Lisbon.
Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones (Mexico)
The Instituto Federal de Telecomunicaciones (IFT, Federal Telecommunications Institute) was Mexico's autonomous regulator for telecommunications and broadcasting and its competition authority, from 2013 to its 2024 abolition.
InstructGPT
InstructGPT is a family of GPT-3 models fine-tuned by OpenAI to follow written instructions using reinforcement learning from human feedback, released in January 2022; a 1.3B version was preferred over the 175B base GPT-3.
Instruction cycle
The instruction cycle, also called the fetch–decode–execute cycle or machine cycle, is the repeating sequence by which a processor fetches, decodes, and executes instructions from memory.
Instruction pipelining
Instruction pipelining, used in pipelined processors, is a design technique that splits instruction execution into stages and overlaps consecutive instructions, raising throughput without lowering each instruction's latency.
Instruction scheduling
Instruction scheduling is a compiler optimization that reorders machine instructions to fill pipeline slots and avoid stalls, assigning each an issue cycle while preserving program behavior.
Instruction set architecture
An instruction set architecture (ISA) is the specification of instructions, registers, and addressing modes that a processor exposes to software; major families include x86-64, ARM, and RISC-V.
Instruction set simulator
An instruction set simulator (ISS) is a program that executes machine code for one processor architecture on a host computer, modeling the target CPU without the hardware being present.
Instruction tuning
Instruction tuning, also called supervised fine-tuning (SFT), is the supervised training of a pretrained language model on instruction-output pairs so it responds to instructions instead of merely continuing text.
Instruction-based image editing
Instruction-based image editing is an AI method that transforms a source image from a natural-language instruction, such as "make the sky sunset orange", with no mask required.
Instruction-level parallelism
Instruction-level parallelism (ILP) is the parallelism that exists between instructions of a program written for a serial ISA, exploited by processors through pipelining, superscalar issue, and out-of-order execution.
Instruction-tuned embeddings
Instruction-tuned embeddings are text embedding models that condition their output vectors on a natural-language instruction describing the task, letting a single model handle retrieval, clustering, and classification without retraining.
Instructions per second
Instructions per second (IPS), often quoted as MIPS (Million Instructions Per Second), measures processor speed by counting machine instructions a processor executes in one second.
InstructPix2Pix
InstructPix2Pix is a diffusion model created by Tim Brooks and colleagues at UC Berkeley in 2022 that edits an image following a written instruction, with no per-image fine-tuning.
Instrument approach
An instrument approach, or instrument approach procedure, is a series of prescribed maneuvers transferring an aircraft from instrument flight conditions to a landing, approved for a specific airport.
Instrument cluster (motorcycle)
A motorcycle instrument cluster is the handlebar-mounted assembly of gauges, warning lights, and displays showing speed, engine speed, and fuel, evolved from mechanical speedometers to color touchscreen TFT panels.
Instrument flight rules
Instrument flight rules (IFR) let pilots navigate by cockpit instruments instead of outside visual cues, with air traffic control providing separation; most airliners fly under IFR at all times.
Instrument landing system
The instrument landing system (ILS) is a ground-based radio navigation system that guides aircraft on final approach, allowing landings in low visibility since its first blind landing in 1931.
Instrument landing system localizer
The instrument landing system localizer, also called the ILS localizer or localizer, is the ground radio transmitter giving aircraft lateral guidance onto the runway centerline during a precision approach.