All articles starting with B
27,400 articles
Biological Park
A biological park is the Indian term for a recognized zoological park, typically combining live animal display with conservation breeding, education, research, and botanical areas.
Biological passport
Athlete Biological Passport (ABP), WADA anti-doping program since 2009; monitors blood and urine markers longitudinally via a Bayesian adaptive model, with haematological, steroidal, and developing endocrine modules, to detect doping indirectly.
Biological pest control
Biological pest control uses natural enemies such as predators, parasitoids, and microbial pathogens to suppress crop pests and weeds; also called biocontrol, spanning classical, augmentative, and conservation approaches within IPM.
Biological Phenomena
Biological Phenomena (MeSH D001686, tree G16) is an NLM controlled-vocabulary heading covering whole-organism and biosphere processes, properties, and characteristics, with 23 narrower descriptors from adaptation to symbiosis.
Biological pigment
Biological pigments are light-absorbing molecules (melanins, carotenoids, pterins, porphyrins) producing color in skin, hair, feathers, and eggs, distinct from structural coloration and serving thermoregulatory, antioxidant, and protective roles.
Biological Preservation
Biological preservation, chiefly cryopreservation, maintains cells, tissues, germplasm, biospecimens, and forensic evidence in usable condition. Key facts: 1949 glycerol discovery, vitrification, −80 °C and liquid nitrogen storage, ISBER and ISO biobanking standards, NISTIR 7928 evidence handbook.
Biological psychiatry
Biological psychiatry: interdisciplinary science of the biological bases of behavior (biochemical, genetic, physiological, neurological) applied to mental illness; three historical waves, flagship journal Biological Psychiatry (1969), ongoing biomarker and clinical-translation debate.
Biological pump
The biological pump, also called the biological carbon pump, transfers organic carbon fixed by surface plankton into the ocean interior, keeping CO₂ out of the atmosphere for centuries.
Biological sex
Biological sex, also called phenotypic sex, classifies a sexually reproducing organism as male or female by gamete type: females produce large eggs, males produce small motile sperm.
Biological system
Biological system: a network of interdependent components (molecules, cells, tissues, organisms, ecosystems) forming a unified whole with emergent properties; studied via systems biology, feedback control, homeostasis, and hierarchy, distinct from reductionist part-by-part analysis.
Biological War: A Scenario
Biological War: A Scenario, Annie Jacobsen's 2026 Dutton nonfiction bestseller following Nuclear War: A Scenario, imagines an engineered plague escaping a Siberian Russian lab and collapsing civilization in six days.
Biological warfare
Biological warfare, also called germ warfare or biowarfare, is the military use of biological agents to cause disease or death, banned for states under the 1972 Biological Weapons Convention.
Biological Weapons Convention
The Biological Weapons Convention (BWC/BTWC), signed 1972, in force 1975, is the first treaty banning an entire WMD category, with roughly 187-188 states parties, no verification regime, CBM transparency reports, and a post-2022 strengthening working group.
Biologically effective dose
The biologically effective dose (BED) is a radiobiological measure in gray that converts any radiotherapy schedule into a single number representing its expected biological effect on a tissue.
Biologist
A biologist is a scientist who studies living organisms, from plants and animals to microorganisms, working in the field or laboratory, often within a specialty such as zoology.
Biology
Biology: the science of living organisms and life processes. Founded as an empirical science by Aristotle (384–322 BCE), built on cell theory, evolution, and genetics; spans molecules to ecosystems, with genomics and biotechnology as modern frontiers.
Biology & Philosophy
Biology & Philosophy (ISSN 0169-3867) is a Springer peer-reviewed journal of philosophy of biology, founded by Michael Ruse, edited since 2025 by Rachael Brown, Impact Factor 1.3.
Biology and ecology of Thelephorales and Hymenochaetales
The biology and ecology of Thelephorales and Hymenochaetales covers two mushroom-forming fungal orders with opposite lifestyles: Thelephorales are mostly ectomycorrhizal tree root symbionts, while Hymenochaetales are mainly white-rot wood decayers.
Biology and sexual orientation
Biology and sexual orientation, also called the biological basis of homosexuality, is the study of genetic, hormonal, and neurological influences on orientation; no single factor fully determines it.
Biology of depression
Biology of depression: mechanisms proposed for major depressive disorder. Covers the monoamine (serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) hypothesis, the 2022 Moncrieff umbrella review finding no consistent serotonin-deficit evidence, the Jauhar rebuttal, and glutamate, stress, and neuroinflammation research.
Biology-guided radiotherapy
Biology-guided radiotherapy (BgRT) is a radiotherapy method that steers the beam toward the tumor in real time using PET tracer emissions, FDA cleared in 2023 for lung and bone tumors on RefleXion's SCINTIX platform.
Bioluminescence
Bioluminescence: light emission by living organisms via luciferase-catalyzed oxidation of luciferin; evolved over 94 times independently, dominant in the deep ocean, and widely used as a low-background reporter for imaging and assays.
Bioluminescence imaging
Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a noninvasive optical method measuring light from luciferase-catalyzed reactions in living cells and animals, pioneered in mammals by Christopher Contag in 1997.
Bioluminescence in earthworms
Bioluminescence in earthworms is the emission of visible light by certain earthworm species, almost always as a glowing coelomic fluid discharged through body wall pores when the animal is irritated.
Bioluminescence in pyrosomes
Pyrosomes are pink, tubular colonies of pelagic tunicates named for their fire-like glow, producing blue-green light with coelenterazine and the first known chordate luciferase, PyroLuc.
Bioluminescence tomography
Bioluminescence tomography (BLT) is a preclinical optical imaging method that reconstructs the 3D distribution and intensity of bioluminescent sources inside small living animals, supporting longitudinal monitoring of tumor growth, infection, and gene expression in mouse models.
Bioluminescence Ventures
Bioluminescence Ventures was a venture capital firm founded by Kouki Harasaki in November 2023 with $477 million to invest in early-stage biotechnology companies; it dissolved in early 2025.
BiOM Ankle
The BiOM Ankle is a battery-powered ankle-foot prosthesis that supplies active push-off power during walking, developed at MIT's Media Lab and now sold by Ottobock as the Empower Ankle.
Bioma Pampa-Quebradas del Norte Biosphere Reserve
Bioma Pampa-Quebradas del Norte Biosphere Reserve, a UNESCO MAB site designated in 2014 in Rivera Department, Uruguay, covering about 110,882 ha of Pampa grasslands and subtropical quebrada forest, the southernmost Atlantic Forest vestige, with core area Valle del Lunarejo.
Biomacromolecules
Biomacromolecules (ISSN 1525-7797, CODEN BOMAF6) is an American Chemical Society peer-reviewed journal, launched in 2000, publishing research at the interface of polymer science and biology; editor-in-chief Sébastien Lecommandoux.