All articles starting with B
27,400 articles
Biomagnification
Biomagnification (trophic magnification) is the increase in persistent contaminant concentrations, such as PCBs, DDT, and mercury, at successively higher trophic levels of food webs, measured by biomagnification and trophic magnification factors.
Biomanipulation
Biomanipulation is an ecological management method that alters a lake's food web, removing planktivorous fish and stocking piscivores, to reduce algal blooms and restore clear water.
Biomarker
A biomarker, or biological marker, is an objectively measured characteristic indicating healthy biological activity, disease, or response to an exposure or treatment; examples include blood glucose and blood pressure.
Biomason
Biomason is a Durham, North Carolina biomanufacturing company founded in 2012 by Ginger Krieg Dosier and Michael Dosier that grows masonry and tile using bacteria-made biocement instead of Portland cement.
Biomass (ecology)
Biomass (ecology): the dry mass or carbon mass of living organisms in an area or volume, also called standing crop. Earth holds about 550 Gt C, roughly 80% in plants, mostly terrestrial; measured by allometric equations and remote sensing.
Biomass burning
Biomass burning: combustion of living and dead vegetation from wildfires, prescribed and agricultural burns, and land clearing; humans cause about 90%. Major source of CO, black and organic carbon, smoke health impacts, and contested wood-bioenergy.
Biomass energy
Biomass energy: energy from renewable plant and animal organic matter, burned directly or converted to biofuels and biogas. Once the world's main fuel; now about 5% of U.S. primary energy, with contested carbon neutrality.
Biomass gasification
Biomass gasification is a thermochemical process that heats biomass with limited oxygen to make syngas, a mix of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, for heat, power, or fuels.
Biomass to liquid
Biomass to liquid (BtL) is a multi-step process that gasifies non-food biomass like wood residues and straw into syngas, then synthesizes drop-in fuels such as diesel and kerosene via Fischer-Tropsch.
Biomass-derived hard carbon
Biomass-derived hard carbon is a non-graphitizable carbon anode material for sodium-ion batteries, made by pyrolyzing renewable waste precursors such as lignin, cellulose, nutshells, and fruit peels.
Biomaterials
A biomaterial, or biomedical material, is a material such as a metal, ceramic, polymer, or composite that interacts with living systems in implants, drug delivery, and tissue repair.
Biomatics Capital Partners
Biomatics Capital Partners is a Seattle-based venture capital firm investing in genomics, digital health, and data-driven healthcare, founded in 2016 by Boris Nikolic and Julie Sunderland.
Biome
Biome: a large geographic area classified by its plant and animal life, shaped by climate, soil, water, and light. Term coined by Clements in 1916; schemes range from 2 to dozens of biomes; climate change is shifting them.
Biomechanics
Biomechanics is the application of mechanical principles, forces, motion, and deformation, to living systems from whole organisms down to cells and molecules, spanning sport analysis, implant design, and tissue mechanics.
BioMed Central
BioMed Central (BMC) is an open access journal publisher founded in 2000 by Vitek Tracz as the first commercial OA publisher, now part of Springer Nature with over 300 APC-funded peer-reviewed journals.
BioMedCLIP
BiomedCLIP is an open-source biomedical vision-language foundation model from Microsoft Research that pairs a Vision Transformer with PubMedBERT and was trained on 15 million figure-caption pairs from PubMed Central.
Biomedical engineering
Biomedical engineering applies engineering principles to understand and control biologic systems, designing products for diagnosis and treatment; its subfields include biomaterials, tissue engineering, and bioinstrumentation.
Biomedical materials
Biomedical Materials (ISSN 1748-6041, 1748-605X), also Biomed. Mater., is an IOP Publishing peer-reviewed hybrid open access journal founded 2006 in Bristol covering biomaterials for healthcare; Q2/Q3 JCR, indexed in PubMed, Scopus, SCIE.
Biomedical research
Biomedical Research (Tokyo), ISSN 0388-6107, is a Japanese gold open-access, peer-reviewed medical journal founded in 1980, covering experimental and basic medicine, published bi-monthly via J-STAGE and indexed in MEDLINE.
Biomedical sciences
Biomedical sciences are the scientific disciplines studying living systems and disease from molecules to organisms, spanning basic, clinical, and translational research aimed at human health.
Biomedical waste
Biomedical waste, also called medical waste or clinical waste, is waste from health-care activities such as used needles, blood-contaminated dressings, body parts, pharmaceuticals, and radioactive materials; about 15% is hazardous.
Biomek i-Series
The Biomek i-Series is a family of automated liquid handling workstations sold by Beckman Coulter Life Sciences since 2017, spanning three models, the compact i3, mid-throughput i5, and high-throughput i7.
Biometal (actuator)
BioMetal is a fiber-like actuator made of titanium-nickel shape-memory alloy and sold by Japan's TOKI Corporation, contracting sharply when heated and relaxing when cooled, like an artificial muscle.
Biomethane grid injection
Biomethane grid injection is the upgrading of biogas to pipeline-quality methane and feeding it into natural gas grids, usable without equipment changes, first done commercially near Munich in 2006.
Biometric passport
A biometric passport, also called an ePassport or eMRTD, is a passport containing a chip that stores the holder's data and facial image, standardized by ICAO's Doc 9303.
Biometrics
Biometrics is the automated recognition of individuals based on biological or behavioral characteristics, including fingerprints, facial features, iris patterns, and behavioral traits like typing speed.
Biometrika
Biometrika is a quarterly peer-reviewed journal of statistical theory and method, founded in 1901 by Weldon, Galton, and Karl Pearson and published by Oxford University Press.
Biomimetic 4D printing
Biomimetic 4D printing is an additive-manufacturing method, introduced by a Harvard team in 2016, in which printed hydrogels are programmed to change shape when triggered by water.
Biomimetic architecture
Biomimetic architecture is the practice of designing buildings by abstracting principles from biological organisms, behaviors, and ecosystems into architectural form, structure, materials, and environmental systems, unlike biomorphic imitation.
Biomimetic camouflage
Biomimetic camouflage is artificial camouflage whose color, texture, or infrared signature changes adaptively, inspired mostly by cephalopods and chameleons, with uses in military and robotic settings.