All articles starting with D
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Diabolo (空竹)
Diabolo (空竹, kongzhu), the Chinese yo-yo: an hourglass spool spun on a string between two handsticks. Originated in Ming China, patented in rubber by Phillippart 1905; fixed vs bearing axles, string climb, heritage status, world contests.
Diabolus in Musica
Diabolus in Musica is Slayer's eighth studio album (1998, Columbia), Latin for "the devil in music" after the tritone. Largely written by Jeff Hanneman, groove-based and down-tuned, it sold 46,000 first week, peaked at No. 31 on the Billboard 200, and divided fans over its nu metal debate.
Diabrotica speciosa
Diabrotica speciosa (vaquita de San Antonio, cucurbit beetle), a South American chrysomelid leaf beetle pest of maize, potato, peanut, and cucurbits; EPPO A1 quarantine pest absent from Europe.
Diabrotica undecimpunctata
Diabrotica undecimpunctata, the spotted cucumber beetle (southern corn rootworm, subspecies howardi; western spotted cucumber beetle, subsp. undecimpunctata), is a polyphagous North American chrysomelid pest of cucurbits, corn, and beans that vectors bacterial wilt and mosaic viruses and is an EPPO A1 quarantine pest.
Diabrotica virgifera
Diabrotica virgifera (western corn rootworm), a North American chrysomelid beetle and major maize pest; subspecies virgifera and zeae; invasive in Europe since 1992; managed by crop rotation.
Diacerein
Diacerein (diacetylrhein), an anthraquinone IL-1beta inhibitor synthesized in 1980, treats hip and knee osteoarthritis symptoms; EU-restricted in 2014 for diarrhoea and liver risks, not marketed in the US.
Diacetone alcohol
Diacetone alcohol, or 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, is a clear, water-miscible beta-hydroxy ketone solvent made by condensing two acetone molecules. A slow-evaporating solvent used mainly in paints and coatings, it is also an intermediate for mesityl oxide.
Diacetyl
Diacetyl (butane-2,3-dione) is a volatile diketone with an intense buttery aroma that occurs naturally in butter, beer, wine, and coffee and is used as a flavoring agent.
Diaclone
Diaclone is a Japanese transforming and combining robot toy series created by Takara in 1980, whose Car Robots toys Hasbro rebranded as Transformers in 1984; Takara Tomy relaunched it in 2016.
Diacritic
Diacritic (diacritical mark): a sign added above, below, through, or beside a base letter to modify pronunciation, stress, tone, or meaning, as in café or naïve; encoded in Unicode as combining marks (U+0300–U+036F) or precomposed letters.
Diacylglycerol kinase
Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK, EC 2.7.1.107), also called DAG kinase, is a lipid kinase family phosphorylating diacylglycerol to phosphatidic acid; ten mammalian isoforms in five types regulate immune, neural, and metabolic signaling.
Diacylglycerol oil
Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil, an edible oil with at least 80% diacylglycerol, marketed as Econa Oil and approved as GRAS by FDA (GRN 56, 115); withdrawn from sale in 2009 over glycidyl ester contaminants.
Diad
Diad (cardiac dyad): junction between a cardiomyocyte T-tubule and junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum, about 15 nm cleft, where L-type Ca2+ channels trigger RyR2 calcium-induced calcium release; cardiac counterpart of the skeletal muscle triad.
Diadem
Diadem: a jeweled headband or small crown, from Greek diadema "to bind around". Hellenistic royal fillet of Alexander the Great; today distinguished (loosely) from crown and tiara; famous example is the 1,333-diamond George IV State Diadem of 1821.
Diadema
Diadema, São Paulo municipality in the Greater ABC, Brazil; 393,237 residents (2022 census) on 30.8 km², second-highest population density in the country; emancipated from São Bernardo do Campo in 1959, industrialized from the 1960s.
Diadema antillarum
Diadema antillarum, the long-spined sea urchin, is the keystone herbivore of Caribbean coral reefs. A 1983–1984 die-off killed over 95% of populations, causing algal dominance; a 2022 scuticociliate outbreak struck again.
Diadochi (Διάδοχοι)
Diadochi (Διάδοχοι, "Successors") were Alexander the Great's generals, including Antigonus, Ptolemy I, Seleucus I, Cassander, and Lysimachus, who fought the Wars of the Diadochi (321–281 BC) and partitioned his empire into the Hellenistic kingdoms.
Diadora
Diadora: Italian sportswear brand founded 1948 in Caerano di San Marco by Marcello Danieli; known for Björn Borg tennis shoes, the N9000, Heritage Made in Italy line, Diadora Utility safety footwear, and Geox-group ownership since 2009.
Diaeresis (diacritic)
Diaeresis (trema): two-dot diacritic (¨) over a vowel, as in naïve or Noël, showing it is pronounced separately from the preceding vowel; distinct in function from the German umlaut, though both share Unicode U+0308.
Diafenthiuron
Diafenthiuron is a thiourea insecticide and acaricide, sold as Polo and launched in 1991, that controls mites, aphids, whiteflies, and other sucking pests on cotton, vegetables, and fruit.
Diafiltration
Diafiltration is a pressure-driven membrane filtration method that washes out small solutes such as salts by adding water or buffer while retaining larger molecules like proteins.
Diafra Sakho
Diafra Sakho, born 1989 in Guédiawaye, Senegal, is a retired striker; Ligue 2 winner with Metz 2014, West Ham forward, 2018 World Cup squad member, now Génération Foot assistant manager.
Diagenesis
Diagenesis is the set of physical, chemical, and biological changes that convert deposited sediment into sedimentary rock at low temperatures and pressures, before metamorphism begins.
Diageo
Diageo plc, formed by the 1997 merger of Grand Metropolitan and Guinness, is a British beverage alcohol company selling Johnnie Walker, Guinness, Smirnoff and other brands in about 180 countries, ranked first in international spirits by retail sales value.
Diagnosing democratic backsliding in case studies
Diagnosing democratic backsliding in case studies means identifying incremental democratic deterioration within a single country, using event sequences and institutional indicators rather than cross-national indices alone.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis (2019) is a seven-episode Netflix documentary series based on Lisa Sanders' New York Times Magazine column, in which she crowdsources diagnoses for mysterious, undiagnosed medical conditions from readers worldwide.
Diagnosis and classification of endometriosis
Diagnosis of endometriosis relies on symptoms, transvaginal ultrasound, MRI, and sometimes surgery with histology, since no single test suffices; rASRM, #Enzian, and the Endometriosis Fertility Index classify its extent.
Diagnosis and epidemiology of protozoal infections
Diagnosis and epidemiology of protozoal infections describes how single-celled parasites such as Giardia, Cryptosporidium, and Entamoeba histolytica are detected and tracked, covering microscopy, antigen tests, molecular methods, and outbreak investigation.
Diagnosis and imaging of hemorrhagic stroke
Diagnosis and imaging of hemorrhagic stroke uses non-contrast CT as the first-line test to confirm bleeding, followed by CTA spot sign, MRI, and lumbar puncture to find underlying causes.
Diagnosis and monitoring of chronic myelogenous leukemia
Diagnosis and monitoring of chronic myelogenous leukemia rest on the BCR::ABL1 fusion gene from the Philadelphia chromosome, tracked by cytogenetics, FISH, and quantitative PCR, with results reported on the International Scale.