All articles starting with E

Endometrium

Endometrium (uterine lining): mucous membrane lining the uterus, with basal and functional layers, controlled by estradiol and progesterone; site of embryo implantation during the days 20-24 window of implantation and source of menstrual shedding.

Endomicroscopy

Endomicroscopy is microscopic imaging of living tissue during an endoscopic procedure, most often by confocal laser scanning, giving endoscopists a real-time optical biopsy at cellular resolution.

Oct 15, 2026

Endomorphism

An endomorphism is a structure-preserving map from a mathematical object to itself, defined for groups, modules, rings, and vector spaces; in linear algebra it is a linear map from a space to itself.

Endomorphism ring

The endomorphism ring, also called the endomorphism algebra, is the ring formed by all homomorphisms from a mathematical object to itself, with composition of maps as multiplication.

Endomyces

Endomyces (Reess, 1870) is a genus of ascomycetous yeasts in Endomycetaceae, Saccharomycetales, described as ascus-bearing parasites of basidiocarps; its type species E. decipiens and many species have been taxonomically reassigned.

Endomyocardial biopsy

Endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) is an invasive procedure in which small plugs of heart muscle are removed with a catheter-mounted forceps and examined to diagnose myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, and transplant rejection.

Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy

Endonasal dacryocystorhinostomy is a tear-drainage surgery performed entirely through the nose to treat watery eyes from a blocked nasolacrimal duct, avoiding the external scar of classic dacryocystorhinostomy.

Endonasal resection

Endonasal resection is a neurosurgical and otolaryngology technique that removes pituitary, skull base, and sinus tumors through the nasal cavity, usually with an endoscope, via modular corridors such as the transsphenoidal route.

Endonuclease

Endonuclease: an enzyme that cleaves phosphodiester bonds inside nucleic acid chains, unlike exonucleases. Includes restriction enzymes (EcoK1, 1968; 1978 Nobel) and CRISPR-Cas nucleases used in cloning, repair, and diagnostics.

Endonuclease dU

Endonuclease dU (Endo_dU) is a family of DUF99-domain endonucleases, mostly archaeal and bacterial, that specifically cleave DNA on the 3'-side of deoxyuridine, proposed to participate in uracil DNA repair alongside uracil-DNA glycosylase.

Endonuclease V

Endonuclease V (EndoV, ENDOV, nfi) is a conserved repair nuclease, discovered in E. coli in 1977, that nicks DNA or RNA one nucleotide 3' to deaminated bases such as inosine; bacterial homologs repair DNA while human EndoV cleaves inosine-containing RNA.

Endonym and exonym

Endonym and exonym are paired terms in toponymy: an endonym is a place's local name in an official or well-established language, an exonym an outside name differing from it, defined by UNGEGN and governed by UN recommendations to minimize exonym use.

Endopeptidase cleavage specificity

Endopeptidase cleavage specificity: the preference of internal-bond-cleaving proteases for residues around the scissile bond, described by Schechter-Berger P/S subsite nomenclature, shaped by active-site pockets, exosites, and cofactors, and cataloged in MEROPS.

Endophthalmitis

Endophthalmitis: purulent intraocular inflammation of vitreous and aqueous, usually infectious; exogenous or endogenous. Treated with intravitreal vancomycin and ceftazidime, with vitrectomy guided by the 1995 EVS trial.

Endoplasmic reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a continuous network of membrane-bound tubules and sheets in eukaryotic cells where secreted and membrane proteins are synthesized and folded, most lipids are made, and calcium is stored.

Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1

Endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductin 1 (ERO1, ERO1A/ERO1α) is a FAD-dependent ER sulfhydryl oxidase that reoxidizes PDI to drive disulfide bond formation, producing H2O2, and is a poor-prognosis cancer marker with no approved inhibitors.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress): disturbance of ER protein folding that activates the unfolded protein response via IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 sensors, restoring homeostasis or triggering apoptosis; linked to diabetes, cancer, and neurodegeneration.

Endoplasmic-reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment

The endoplasmic-reticulum–Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC), also called the vesicular-tubular cluster, is a system of membrane-bounded tubules and vesicles between the ER and Golgi that sorts secretory cargo.

EndoPredict

EndoPredict is an RNA-based prognostic test for ER-positive, HER2-negative early breast cancer that measures 12 genes in tumor tissue to estimate distant recurrence risk and guide decisions about adjuvant chemotherapy.

Endoprosthetic reconstruction

Endoprosthetic reconstruction replaces bone and joint segments resected for musculoskeletal tumors with modular metal megaprostheses, restoring skeletal continuity and limb function as an alternative to amputation.

Oct 15, 2026

EndoQuest Robotics

EndoQuest Robotics, formerly ColubrisMX, is a Houston-based medical device company developing the Endoluminal Surgical (ELS) System, a flexible robotic platform for surgery inside the gastrointestinal tract.

Endor (Star Wars)

Endor (Forest Moon of Endor, Sanctuary Moon, IX3244-A) is the fictional forested ninth moon of the gas giant Endor in Star Wars, homeworld of the Ewoks and site of the Battle of Endor in Return of the Jedi (1983).

Endor (עֵין־דֹּר) (village)

Endor (עֵין־דֹּר, En-dor) was a biblical village in the Jezreel Valley, a Manasseh town in Issachar where Saul consulted a medium; identified today mainly with Khirbet es-Safsafe near Mount Tabor.

Endoregulin

Endoregulin, encoded by the ERLN gene and also known as SMIM6, is a 62-amino-acid human endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein that inhibits the calcium pumps SERCA2 and SERCA3.

Endorheic basin

Endorheic basin (closed or terminal basin): a drainage basin with no surface outlet, where water leaves only by evaporation or seepage. Covers ~15.4% of global land; examples include Lake Eyre, Harney, and Tarim basins; saline terminal lakes; declining water storage since 2002.

Endorphins

Endorphins are endogenous opioid peptides, chiefly beta-endorphin from POMC, binding mu and other opioid receptors; discovered after the 1975 enkephalin finding, they modulate pain, reward, stress, and exercise effects.

Endorsements in the 2024 United Kingdom general election

Endorsements in the 2024 United Kingdom general election: press backing of parties on 4 July 2024. Labour won five of ten daily endorsements, including the Sun's first Labour backing since 1997 or 2005 (sources differ), while Telegraph, Mail and Express stayed Conservative.

Oct 20, 2026

Endoscopes

Endoscopes: rigid or flexible tubular medical devices with illumination for viewing and operating inside body cavities. Key names: Bozzini's Lichtleiter, Desormeaux's endoscope, fibreoptic and CCD endoscopes; rigid scopes steam-sterilize, flexible scopes need high-level disinfection.

Endoscopic biopsy

Endoscopic biopsy is a diagnostic procedure in which small tissue samples are removed through an endoscope's working channel and examined microscopically to detect inflammation, dysplasia, and cancer.