All articles starting with E
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European Council of Academies of Applied Sciences, Technologies and Engineering
The European Council of Academies of Applied Sciences, Technologies and Engineering, known as Euro-CASE, is a Paris-based non-profit of European engineering academies, founded in 1992.
European Council of Civil Engineers
The European Council of Civil Engineers, founded in 1985 by four national bodies, represents civil engineers toward EU institutions and national governments and works to foster uniformly high professional standards.
European Council on Foreign Relations
European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR), launched October 2007, is the first pan-European foreign policy think tank, an independent charity with offices in Berlin, London, Madrid, Paris, Rome, Sofia and Warsaw, a 300-member Council, six research programmes, and the annual European Foreign Policy Scorecard.
European Court of Human Rights
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), in Strasbourg, is the Council of Europe's court under the European Convention on Human Rights, hearing individual applications against its member states; reformed by Protocols 11, 14, 15, and 16, with judgments supervised by the Committee of Ministers.
European Court of Justice
European Court of Justice (ECJ), formally the Court of Justice, the highest EU court in Luxembourg within the CJEU: 27 judges, 11 advocates general, preliminary rulings binding national courts, infringement and annulment actions.
European cuisine
European cuisine: collective term for Europe's hundreds of regional and national foodways, from Mediterranean soffritto to French haute cuisine, shaped by the Columbian exchange, terroir labels, and current protein and flexitarian trends.
European Cup and UEFA Champions League records and statistics
European Cup/UEFA Champions League records and statistics: founded 1955 as the European Champion Clubs' Cup. Real Madrid lead with 15 titles and 18 finals; Ronaldo tops scoring (141) and Ancelotti coaching (5 titles).
European Curling Championships
European Curling Championships (Le Gruyère AOP European Curling Championships), annual men's and women's curling championship for European World Curling members, first held Megève 1975; A, B, C divisions; 2026 edition Ostrava, standalone under new structure.
European Currency Unit
The European Currency Unit (ECU) was a basket unit of account used by the European Community from 1979 to 1998, converted one-for-one into the euro on 1 January 1999.
European dark bee
European dark bee (Apis mellifera mellifera), the native M-lineage honey bee of Northern and Central Europe, dark-colored and cold-adapted; displaced by imported carnica and ligustica bees and now protected by national conservation programs and SICAMM.
European Data Format
European Data Format (EDF) is an open file format for exchanging multichannel biological and physiological signals, best known as the standard for EEG and sleep recordings since 1992.
European Data Protection Board
The European Data Protection Board (EDPB) is an independent EU body, working since 2018 to ensure consistent application of the GDPR across the European Economic Area.
European Data Relay System
The European Data Relay System (EDRS, Space Data Highway) is a pair of geostationary relay satellites operated by Airbus and ESA that carries Earth-observation data by laser link.
European debt crisis
The European debt crisis was a sovereign debt crisis that struck eurozone countries from 2009, forcing Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Cyprus into rescue loans with austerity conditions.
European Democrat Students
European Democrat Students (EDS) is a pan-European federation of national center-right and Christian democratic student organizations, founded in Vienna in 1961 and described as the official student organization of the European People's Party.
European Democratic Party
European Democratic Party (EDP/PDE), centrist federalist European political party founded 9 December 2004 in Brussels by Bayrou's UDF and Rutelli's Margherita; its MEPs sit with Renew Europe, led by François Bayrou and Sandro Gozi.
European dragon
European dragon: the winged, fire-breathing serpentine monster of Western myth, distinct from the benevolent East Asian dragon; a symbol of evil slain by heroes and saints such as St George and Beowulf.
European Dressage Championships
European Dressage Championships, the FEI senior continental dressage championship, first held 1963 in Copenhagen, biennial, three competitions (Grand Prix, Special, Freestyle); Germany leads with 26 team golds, latest edition Crozet 2025.
European Drivers' Championship
The European Drivers' Championship was the AIACR's Grand Prix motor racing title of the 1930s and a forerunner of Formula 1, dominated in its final years by Mercedes-Benz and Auto Union.
European driving licence
The European driving license, or European Union driving license, is a driving license issued under common EU rules and valid in every EU country since 2013.
European Economic Area
The European Economic Area (EEA) is an agreement, in force since 1994, that brings Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein into the EU's internal market without EU membership.
European Economic Community
The European Economic Community, also called the European Common Market, was a customs union of six states created by the Treaty of Rome, in force from 1958.
European eel
European eel (Anguilla anguilla), a catadromous fish spawning in the Sargasso Sea; critically endangered with 90-95% recruitment decline since the 1980s, subject to EU closures and ICES zero-catch advice.
European Electronic Communications Code
The European Electronic Communications Code (EECC) is a 2018 EU directive that replaced the four 2002 telecoms directives, extending some consumer rules to messaging apps and VoIP.
European emission standards
European emission standards, also known as the Euro standards or European exhaust emission standards, are EU regulations limiting air pollutants new vehicles may emit, first applied in 1993.
European Endowment for Democracy
European Endowment for Democracy (EED), Brussels-based independent grant-maker founded 2013 by the EU and member states; funds civil society and independent media in the European Neighbourhood, over 3,300 grants and €52.4 million in 2025.
European Energy (company)
European Energy A/S is a Danish renewable energy company founded in 2004 and headquartered in Søborg, developing solar, wind, battery, and Power-to-X projects across Europe, Brazil, the United States, and Australia.
European Energy Exchange
The European Energy Exchange (EEX) is a Leipzig-based commodity exchange for power, natural gas, and emission allowances, formed by a 2002 merger and owned by Deutsche Börse.
European Engineer
European Engineer (EUR ING) is a professional title awarded since 1987 by ENGINEERS EUROPE, formerly FEANI, to experienced engineers who meet a common standard of competence across Europe.
European Eventing Championships
FEI Eventing European Championship, the continental eventing title since 1953, held biennially at CCI4-L. Britain and Germany dominate team gold; 2025 Blenheim winners: Germany (team), Laura Collett (individual).