All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Fertigation
Fertigation is the application of dissolved fertilizers through irrigation water, so nutrient supply is controlled together with watering, most common in high-value horticultural and fruit crops.
Fertile Crescent (الهلال الخصيب)
Fertile Crescent (الهلال الخصيب), crescent-shaped Western Asian region called the cradle of civilization; coined by James Henry Breasted in 1916; spans Iraq, Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, and Egypt; agriculture began there about 12,000 years ago.
Fertilisation
Fertilisation, the fusion of sperm and egg to form a zygote, involves acrosome reaction, zona pellucida binding, calcium-triggered egg activation, and polyspermy blocks; discovered by Hertwig in 1876 and applied clinically through IVF since 1978.
Fertility
Fertility: the capacity to produce offspring, distinct from fecundity and fecundability; covers human conception probabilities, age-related decline, infertility (1 in 6 adults), IVF success and costs, global TFR of 2.2 in 2024, and sperm-count decline disputes.
Fertility awareness
Fertility awareness (natural family planning, periodic abstinence): identifying fertile days via cervical mucus, basal body temperature, or cycle tracking to achieve or avoid pregnancy; typical-use failure rates 2-23%, no STI protection.
Fertility Preservation
Fertility preservation (oncofertility) covers embryo, oocyte, sperm, and ovarian or testicular tissue cryopreservation before gonadotoxic cancer therapy or other fertility-threatening treatments; established versus experimental methods, counseling timing, and US insurance coverage distinguish it.
Fertilization in ferns
Fertilization in ferns is the fusion of a free-swimming, multi-flagellate spermatozoid with an egg inside an archegonium on the gametophyte, requiring a film of external water.
Fertilization-influencing membrane protein
Fertilization-influencing membrane protein (FIMP), from mouse gene 4930451I11Rik and human C16ORF92/FIMP1, is a testis-specific sperm transmembrane protein required for sperm–oocyte fusion, acting with TMEM95 and distinct from the dark-matter FIMP acronym.
Fertilizer
Fertilizer: material supplying plant nutrients, chiefly N, P, and K. Synthetic nitrogen comes from the Haber-Bosch process (1913), about 450 million tonnes yearly, feeding roughly half the world population but tied to natural gas and eutrophication.
Fertipar
Fertipar is a Brazilian family-controlled fertilizer group founded in 1980 in Paranaguá, Paraná, by Alceu Elias Feldmann, with headquarters in Curitiba and about 15% of the national market.
Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape
Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape (Fertő/Neusiedlersee kultúrtáj), transboundary UNESCO World Heritage Site in Austria and Hungary, inscribed 2001 under criterion (v): westernmost Eurasian steppe lake, 68,369 ha, eight millennia of viticulture and stock raising, now pressured by tourism development and water shortage.
Ferula
Ferula, giant fennels, Apiaceae genus of about 230 species from Macaronesia to the Himalaya; source of asafoetida (F. assa-foetida), galbanum (F. gummosa), and the putative silphium F. drudeana.
Ferula gummosa
Ferula gummosa (galbanum; Persian Barijeh) is a monocarpic perennial Apiaceae herb native to northern and central Iran and possibly Turkmenistan, the main source of the oleo-gum-resin galbanum used in perfumery, flavoring, and traditional medicine.
Ferulic acid
Ferulic acid (4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid), a hydroxycinnamic acid phenolic compound esterified to grass cell-wall arabinoxylans and lignin; abundant antioxidant in maize bran (3.1% w/w) used in food preservation and vitamin C/E skincare serums.
Ferumoxytol
Ferumoxytol, sold as Feraheme, is an intravenous iron replacement drug approved in the United States in 2009 for iron deficiency anemia in adults, especially with chronic kidney disease.
Fervicoccales
Fervicoccales, formally Fervidicoccales, is an order of extremely thermophilic, anaerobic archaea described in 2010, containing one species, Fervidicoccus fontis, isolated from hot springs in the Uzon caldera, Kamchatka.
Fervo Energy
Fervo Energy is a Houston-based geothermal developer founded in 2017 by Tim Latimer and Jack Norbeck that builds enhanced geothermal power plants using horizontal drilling.
Fervor de Buenos Aires
Fervor de Buenos Aires is the first book by Jorge Luis Borges, a collection of 46 poems self-published in Buenos Aires in July 1923, a landmark of the Argentine avant-garde.
Feryal Ashraf
Feryal Ashraf (فريال أشرف), born 1999 in Cairo, Egyptian karateka; won women's kumite +61 kg gold at Tokyo 2020, the first Olympic gold by an Egyptian woman, and Mediterranean Games gold in 2022 and 2026.
Fès-Meknès
Fès-Meknès, one of Morocco's twelve regions since 2015, pairs the imperial cities of Fès and Meknès with Middle Atlas provinces; 4,467,911 inhabitants (2024), 40,075 km², first in agricultural added value and third tourist pole.
FeSe
FeSe, or iron selenide, is an inorganic compound of iron and selenium, the simplest iron-based superconductor, superconducting below about 8 K and widely used to study unconventional superconductivity.
FeSe/SrTiO3
Monolayer FeSe superconductivity on SrTiO3 is an interface system where a single unit-cell layer of FeSe superconducts at about 65 K or higher, up from bulk FeSe's 8–9 K.
Fesenkov (Martian crater)
Fesenkov is an 87.38-km-diameter impact crater on Mars at 21.66°N, 273.47°E, named for Vasilii G. Fesenkov and approved by the IAU in 1973; it contains a barchan dune field and was imaged by HiRISE.
Feshbach resonance
A Feshbach resonance is a scattering resonance occurring when an open scattering channel couples to a bound state of a closed channel, letting magnetic fields tune atomic interactions.
Feso
Feso is a 1956 novel by Zimbabwean writer Solomon Mutswairo, widely credited as the first novel written in the Shona language, telling of war and love between two Shona chiefdoms.
Fesoterodine
Fesoterodine, sold as Toviaz and as generics, is an antimuscarinic prodrug taken as a once-daily extended-release tablet for overactive bladder symptoms; its active metabolite is shared with tolterodine.
FESPACO
FESPACO is a biennial pan-African film and television festival held in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, first staged in 1969. It awards the top prize Étalon de Yennenga.
Fess Parker
Fess Parker (1924-2010), American actor famous as TV's Davy Crockett (1954-55) and Daniel Boone (1964-70), who sparked the coonskin cap craze and later founded Fess Parker Winery in Santa Ynez Valley, California.
Fessenheim nuclear power plant
Fessenheim (centrale nucléaire de Fessenheim) was a French nuclear power plant on the Rhine with two 900 MW reactors, in service from 1977 until shutdown in 2020.
Festa do Peão de Barretos
The Festa do Peão de Barretos is an annual rodeo and sertanejo music festival held each August in Barretos, São Paulo, Brazil, first held in 1956.