All articles starting with F
15,892 articles
Fundamental interaction
A fundamental interaction, also called a fundamental force, is one of the four basic ways matter acts on matter: gravity, electromagnetism, and the weak and strong nuclear forces.
Fundamental Law of Hungary
The Fundamental Law of Hungary (Magyarország Alaptörvénye) is the country's constitution, adopted by the National Assembly in 2011 and in force since 1 January 2012, replacing the 1949 constitution.
Fundamental matrix (computer vision)
The fundamental matrix is a 3 × 3 rank-2 matrix in computer vision encoding the epipolar geometry between two uncalibrated camera views, satisfying x'TFx = 0 for corresponding points.
Fundamental Partners
Fundamental Partners is the private investment fund series of Fundamental Advisors LP, a New York alternative asset manager founded in 2007 that invests in municipal and public-purpose assets.
Fundamental plane
The fundamental plane is an empirical scaling relation of elliptical galaxies linking effective radius, surface brightness, and velocity dispersion, established in 1987 and used to measure distances.
Fundamental Principles of National Policy
The Fundamental Principles of National Policy (Kokusaku no Kijun) was a Japanese diplomatic and strategic policy adopted in August 1936 under Prime Minister Hirota Kōki.
Fundamental rights
Fundamental rights are constitutionally entrenched, justiciable rights overriding ordinary law, exemplified by India's Part III (Articles 12–35) and US strict-scrutiny doctrine, distinct from universal human rights and positive-law civil rights.
Fundamental rights in India
Fundamental rights in India are the justiciable rights in Part III (Articles 12-35) of the Constitution of India, covering equality, freedom, and constitutional remedies; enforced by the Supreme Court under Article 32 and High Courts under Article 226.
Fundamental Rights, Directive Principles and Fundamental Duties of India
Three sections of the Constitution of India, also called the Indian Constitution's Parts III, IV, and IV-A: justiciable Fundamental Rights (Articles 12-35), non-justiciable Directive Principles (Articles 36-51), and Fundamental Duties (Article 51A), with their case-law relationship.
Fundamental State Laws of 1906
The Fundamental State Laws of 1906 (Основные государственные законы 23 апреля 1906 года) were the revised constitution of the Russian Empire, approved by Nicholas II in 1906.
Fundamental theorem of algebra
The fundamental theorem of algebra, also called D'Alembert's theorem, states that every nonconstant polynomial with complex coefficients has at least one complex root; a degree n polynomial has exactly n.
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic
The fundamental theorem of arithmetic, also called the unique factorization theorem, states that every integer greater than 1 factors into primes in only one way.
Fundamental theorem of calculus
The fundamental theorem of calculus links the two central operations of calculus, stating that differentiation and integration are inverse processes; its evaluation formula is the Newton–Leibniz formula.
Fundamental theorem of Galois theory
The fundamental theorem of Galois theory is a field theory theorem giving an inclusion-reversing correspondence between intermediate fields of a Galois extension and subgroups of its Galois group.
Fundamentalism
Fundamentalism is a style of militant religious defense of non-negotiable faith fundamentals against modernism; the term began in 1920 as a self-description of conservative American Protestants.
Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
The Fundamentalist Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, or FLDS, is a Mormon fundamentalist denomination that practices plural marriage and split from the mainstream LDS Church after it renounced polygamy in 1890.
Fundamentals of Data Engineering
Fundamentals of Data Engineering: Plan and Build Robust Data Systems (2022, O'Reilly), by Joe Reis and Matt Housley, a 450-page beginner book organizing data engineering around a five-stage lifecycle and six undercurrents.
Fundamentals of Engineering Examination
The Fundamentals of Engineering Examination (FE exam) is a computer-based licensing test administered by NCEES, typically the first step toward becoming a professional engineer in the United States.
Fundamentals of Physics
Fundamentals of Physics is a calculus-based introductory physics textbook by David Halliday, Robert Resnick, and Jearl Walker, published by Wiley since 1974 and used in university courses for science and engineering students.
Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery
Fundamentals of Robotic Surgery (FRS) is a multi-specialty, proficiency-based curriculum of basic technical skills for robotic-assisted surgery, developed by more than 80 experts and launched in 2014.
Fundi
Fundi (Φοῦνδοι), ancient Volscian-Auruncan town on the Via Appia in Latium, modern Fondi, Italy; civitas sine suffragio in 338 BC, famed for Fundanian wine, Pleiades ID 432855.
Funding
Funding is the money a business obtains to finance its operations and growth, split by the SEC into non-dilutive capital like grants and loans and dilutive capital.
Funding Societies | Modalku
Funding Societies | Modalku is a Singapore-based SME digital financing platform founded in 2015 by Kelvin Teo and Reynold Wijaya, operating as Modalku in Indonesia.
Fundoplication
Fundoplication is an operation in which the upper stomach is wrapped around the lower esophagus to reinforce the sphincter against reflux, the main surgery for GERD and hiatal hernia.
Fundoshi (褌)
Fundoshi (褌) is the traditional Japanese loincloth, also called shitaoi, worn by men as underwear until World War II. Main types are rokushaku, Etchu, and mokko; now seen at festivals, in sumo, and in traditional swimming.
Fundraising
Fundraising, also called a fund drive or fundraiser, is the solicitation of voluntary contributions for charitable purposes; US charitable giving reached $593 billion in 2024.
Fundus (Dic)itanus
Fundus (Dic)itanus, also Fundus Dicitanus, is an ancient Roman villa-estate in northern Tunisia, Barrington Atlas 33 F1, identified with Henchir-Sidi Salah, attested 30 BC to AD 640.
Fundus albipunctatus
Fundus albipunctatus (OMIM 136880) is a rare autosomal recessive congenital stationary night blindness with white midperipheral retinal dots and delayed dark adaptation, usually caused by RDH5 mutations; distinct from progressive retinitis punctata albescens.
Fundus autofluorescence imaging
Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging is a noninvasive ophthalmic technique recording the fundus's natural fluorescence, used to assess retinal health in macular degeneration and inherited retinal dystrophies.
Fundus fluorescein angiography
Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) is an ophthalmic imaging method that injects sodium fluorescein intravenously and photographs the retina over time to visualize blood flow, capillary perfusion, and barrier leakage.