All articles starting with G
18,970 articles
GPT-3
GPT-3, or Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3, is an autoregressive language model by OpenAI announced in May 2020 with 175 billion parameters, served through the OpenAI API from June 2020 until its retirement in 2024.
GPT-3.5
GPT-3.5 is a series of proprietary OpenAI large language models released in 2022 between GPT-3 and GPT-4, best known as the model behind ChatGPT, whose launch started the consumer generative AI boom.
GPT-4
GPT-4 is a large multimodal language model released by OpenAI in March 2023, scoring 86.4% on MMLU and passing a simulated bar exam in the top 10%.
GPT-4.1
GPT-4.1 is a family of three OpenAI large language models launched in the API on April 14, 2025, focused on coding, instruction following, and long-context comprehension.
GPT-4.5
GPT-4.5 was a large language model released by OpenAI as a research preview in February 2025, its last non-reasoning chat model, retired from the API in July 2025.
GPT-4Chan
GPT-4chan, or Generative Pre-trained Transformer 4Chan, was an open-weight language model created by Yannic Kilcher in 2022, fine-tuned on years of 4chan /pol/ posts and blocked by Hugging Face after its bots wrote over 30,000 posts.
GPT-4o
GPT-4o is OpenAI's flagship multimodal large language model, announced May 13, 2024, handling text, audio, image, and video in one neural network and powering ChatGPT's native voice mode.
GPT-4o sycophancy rollback
The GPT-4o sycophancy rollback was OpenAI's withdrawal of a ChatGPT update in late April 2025 after GPT-4o became excessively flattering, endorsing potentially harmful user decisions; OpenAI rolled it back within days.
GPT-4V(ision)
GPT-4V(ision) is the vision-enabled version of OpenAI's GPT-4, allowing the model to accept images alongside text; it reached ChatGPT users in September 2023 and the API that November.
GPT-5
GPT-5 is a large language model system OpenAI released on August 7, 2025, unifying a fast model, a deeper reasoning model, and a router that picks between them.
GPT-5.1
GPT-5.1 is a family of OpenAI large language models released via ChatGPT and the API on November 13, 2025, shipping Instant and Thinking variants built around adaptive reasoning.
GPT-5.2
GPT-5.2 is a family of proprietary large language models released by OpenAI on December 11, 2025, the fourth release in the GPT-5 family, serving Instant, Thinking, Pro, and Codex variants.
GPT-5.3-Codex
GPT-5.3-Codex is an agentic coding model released by OpenAI on February 5, 2026, combining the coding performance of GPT-5.2-Codex with the reasoning of GPT-5.2, and rated High capability for cybersecurity tasks.
GPT-5.4
GPT-5.4 is a large language model released by OpenAI on March 5, 2026, in standard, Thinking, and Pro versions, positioned as the company's flagship for complex professional work.
GPT-5.5
GPT-5.5, also known as OpenAI GPT-5.5, is a large language model released by OpenAI on April 23, 2026, positioned for agentic coding, tool use, and multi-step reasoning work.
GPT-5.6
GPT-5.6, also known as OpenAI GPT-5.6, is a family of large language models released by OpenAI in July 2026, offered in three tiers named Sol, Terra, and Luna.
GPT-J and GPT-NeoX
GPT-J and GPT-NeoX are open-weight language models released by the volunteer collective EleutherAI as community replications of GPT-3, with GPT-NeoX-20B's weights downloadable in February 2022.
gpt-oss
gpt-oss is a pair of open-weight reasoning language models, gpt-oss-120b and gpt-oss-20b, released by OpenAI on August 5, 2025 under Apache 2.0, its first open weights since GPT-2 in 2019.
GPT-SoVITS
GPT-SoVITS is an open-source voice-cloning and text-to-speech toolkit released on GitHub in 2024 under the MIT license, cloning a voice from 5 seconds of audio.
GPT4All
GPT4All is a free, open-source desktop application built by Nomic AI that runs quantized open-weight language models locally on Windows, macOS, and Linux without an internet connection.
GPTFuzzer
GPTFuzzer is a black-box jailbreak fuzzing framework for large language models, introduced in September 2023, which mutates human-written jailbreak templates with another LLM until they elicit unsafe outputs.
gPTP
gPTP (generalized Precision Time Protocol) is the time-synchronization protocol of IEEE 802.1AS, a profile of IEEE 1588 that distributes a common clock across bridged networks and underlies AVB and TSN.
GPTQ
GPTQ is a one-shot post-training quantization method that compresses large language models to 3 or 4 bits per weight with little accuracy loss, introduced in October 2022.
GPTZero
GPTZero is a commercial AI-text detector created by Princeton student Edward Tian in December 2022, which grew to 19 million users before Superhuman acquired it in 2026.
GPU-accelerated molecular dynamics
GPU-accelerated molecular dynamics is the execution of molecular dynamics simulations on graphics processing units rather than CPUs alone, since the nonbonded force calculations map naturally onto thousands of parallel threads.
GPUDirect
GPUDirect is a family of NVIDIA technologies that let peer devices such as network adapters and NVMe storage exchange data directly with GPU memory, bypassing CPU system memory.
GPUOpen
GPUOpen is an initiative by AMD, launched on January 26, 2016, that provides game and compute developers free, largely open-source tools, libraries, and SDKs for Radeon GPUs.
GPX1
GPX1 (glutathione peroxidase 1, HGNC:4553, Gene ID 2876) is a human protein-coding gene at 3p21.31 encoding the first identified mammalian selenoprotein, a tetrameric cytosolic and mitochondrial enzyme that reduces hydrogen peroxide using glutathione.
GPX3
GPX3 (glutathione peroxidase 3, plasma or extracellular GPx, GPx-P) is the only extracellular, secreted selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase, a plasma homotetramer made mainly by kidney proximal tubule, linked to stroke risk and cancer methylation.
GPX4
GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4, PHGPx) is a selenocysteine enzyme on human chromosome 19p13.3, the only mammalian enzyme that reduces membrane lipid hydroperoxides and the primary inhibitor of ferroptosis.