All articles starting with H
20,046 articles
History of KFC
History of KFC (Kentucky Fried Chicken): founded by Harland Sanders from his 1930 Corbin, Kentucky service station; first franchise 1952 in Salt Lake City; sold 1964 for $2 million; PepsiCo buyout 1986; China entry 1987; now 30,000+ restaurants in 150 countries under Yum! Brands.
History of knitting
History of knitting: the looped-yarn textile technique, also called stocking knitting, traced from 12th-13th century Egyptian socks through European guilds, William Lee's 1589 stocking frame, and 19th-century mechanization to today's craft revival.
History of Kolkata
History of Kolkata (formerly Calcutta): founded 1690 by Job Charnock on the villages Sutanuti, Kalikata, and Gobindapur; capital of British India 1772–1911; renamed Kolkata in 2001.
History of Korea
History of Korea: the peninsula's past from Paleolithic settlement and Gojoseon (Dangun, 2333 BCE traditional) through the Three Kingdoms, Goryeo (918–1392), Joseon (1392–1897), Japanese colonial rule (1910–1945), division, and the two modern Korean states.
History of Kuwait
History of Kuwait: from prehistoric and Dilmun-era Failaka, the 18th-century Utub founding under Al Sabah rule, the 1899 British treaty, 1961 independence, and the 1990–1991 Iraqi occupation to today's parliamentary crises.
History of Kyrgyzstan
History of Kyrgyzstan: from Yenisei Kyrgyz and Silk Road cities through Russian rule, the Kara-Kyrgyz AO (1925), Kyrgyz ASSR (1926), Kyrgyz SSR (1936), collectivization, independence on 31 August 1991, the 2005 and 2010 revolutions, and post-2020 politics under Sadyr Zhaparov.
History of lacrosse
History of lacrosse: Indigenous North American medicine game (Baggataway, Tewaarathon), codified by George Beers in 1867, Canada's national summer sport, Olympic in 1904, 1908, and LA 2028 sixes.
History of Lamborghini
The history of Lamborghini covers the Italian supercar maker founded by Ferruccio Lamborghini in 1963, home of the Miura and Countach, and a Volkswagen Group subsidiary through Audi since 1998.
History of Lance Armstrong doping allegations
History of Lance Armstrong doping allegations: accusations from the 1999 Tour, the 2005 L'Équipe EPO report, the 2012 USADA lifetime ban and title stripping, and the 2013 Oprah confession.
History of Laos
History of Laos, Lao PDR: national history of the Lao state, from Lan Xang ("Million Elephants", founded 1353 by Fa Ngum) through Siamese vassalage, the 1893 French protectorate, civil war, and the socialist Lao People's Democratic Republic established in 1975.
History of laptops
The history of laptops traces portable computing from the 24-pound, $1,795 Osborne 1 of 1981 through the clamshell GRiD Compass of 1982 to the mass-market Toshiba T1100 of 1985.
History of Las Vegas
The history of Las Vegas, Nevada spans its 1905 railroad land auction, the 1931 legalization of gambling, and growth from a water stop into a resort city.
History of Latin
History of Latin traces the Latin language (lingua Latina) from seventh-century BC Latium inscriptions through Classical, Late, medieval, and Neo-Latin phases, its spread under Rome, divergence into the Romance languages after 300 CE, and its later role and decline as Europe's scientific lingua franca.
History of Latvia
History of Latvia: Baltic settlement 4,000 years ago, German Livonia, Polish-Swedish-Russian rule, independence 1918, Soviet and Nazi occupations 1940-1991, restoration August 21, 1991.
History of Lebanon
History of Lebanon: modern state created as French-mandate Greater Lebanon in 1920, independent via the 1943 National Pact, ruled by confessional power-sharing, torn by the 1975–90 civil war, settled by Taif, and in economic collapse since 2019.
History of Lego
History of Lego: Danish toy company founded 1932 in Billund by Ole Kirk Kristiansen; 'leg godt' name, 1958 stud-and-tube brick patent, 1978 minifigure, 2004 Knudstorp turnaround, family-owned to this day.
History of lesbianism
The history of lesbianism, or lesbian history, covers erotic and romantic relationships between women from antiquity onward, including the changing terms, from tribade to a modern identity formed in the nineteenth century.
History of lesbianism in the United States
History of lesbianism in the United States: covers colonial sodomy laws, Daughters of Bilitis (1955), The Ladder, lesbian feminism, lesbian bar decline, DADT, Lawrence v. Texas, and Obergefell v. Hodges.
History of Lewond
The History of Lewond (Patmut'iwn Łewondeay) is a classical Armenian chronicle by the priest Łewond, the only contemporary account of eighth-century Arab rule over Armenia.
History of Liao
The History of Liao (辽史) is the official Chinese history of the Kitan-led Liao dynasty (907–1125), completed in 1344 after a long, convoluted drafting process.
History of liberalism
History of liberalism, also called history of liberal thought, traces the political doctrine of individual rights and limited government, from Spinoza and Locke through Mill's On Liberty of 1859.
History of Liberia
History of Liberia: West African state founded 1822 by the American Colonization Society for freed American slaves, independent 1847, Americo-Liberian rule until Doe's 1980 coup, civil wars 1989-2003, then democratic recovery.
History of libraries
History of libraries, from ancient Near Eastern temple and royal archives through the Library of Alexandria and Callimachus's Pinakes, medieval monastic and university collections, printing, to the modern public library and the 2022 IFLA-UNESCO manifesto.
History of Libya
History of Libya: North African nation from Phoenician and Greek colonization (Cyrene, 630 BCE), Roman rule from 146 BCE, Ottoman and Italian rule, independence 1951, Gaddafi's Jamahiriya 1969-2011, and post-2011 division between rival eastern and western administrations.
History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, 1969-2011: the Jamahiriya era, also called the state of the masses, built on people's congresses, the Third Universal Theory, personal rule, 2003 sanctions reintegration, and the 2011 uprising that ended his 42-year rule.
History of Liechtenstein
History of Liechtenstein: the Principality (Fürstentum Liechtenstein), created 1719 from purchased Schellenberg and Vaduz, sovereign 1806 and 1866, aligned with Switzerland by the 1923 customs treaty, UN member since 1990.
History of life
History of life: the ~3.7-billion-year record of life on Earth, from 3.7 Ga carbon traces and stromatolites, through the Great Oxidation Event, Ediacaran biota, and Cambrian explosion, dated by fossils and molecular clocks.
History of Linux
The history of Linux, also called Linux history, covers the free Unix-like kernel started by Linus Torvalds in 1991 and combined with GNU into complete operating systems.
History of lions in Europe
History of lions in Europe: Pleistocene cave lion (Panthera spelaea, also Panthera leo spelaea) and Holocene modern lion (Panthera leo); cave lion extinction ~14 kya, Holocene lions in the Balkans until ~2,000 years ago, Roman arena trade, medieval symbolism.
History of literature
History of literature: the development of oral and written literary works worldwide, from Latin littera and Enheduanna's hymns to canon formation and the 2022 four-volume Literature: A World History, the first comprehensive English-language global literary history.