All articles starting with H
20,046 articles
History of Microsoft
History of Microsoft Corporation covers the company's founding in 1975, its MS-DOS and Windows dominance, the 2000 antitrust ruling, and its cloud-and-AI transformation under CEO Satya Nadella.
History of Microsoft Office
The history of Microsoft Office follows the productivity suite bundling Word, Excel, and PowerPoint from its 1989 debut through the suite wars to the Microsoft 365 subscription era.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
The history of Microsoft SQL Server began in 1989 as a licensed Sybase engine on OS/2, diverging after the 1994 split into an independent Windows and Linux product.
History of Microsoft Word
The history of Microsoft Word begins with its 1983 release as Multi-Tool Word, created by Charles Simonyi and Richard Brodie, which became the dominant word processor of the 1990s.
History of Ming
The History of Ming (明史) is the official Qing-compiled history of the Ming dynasty, presented to the throne in 1739 after decades of work begun in 1679.
History of Minnesota
History of Minnesota: Dakota and Ojibwe homelands, fur trade, 1851 Treaty of Traverse des Sioux, 1858 statehood, U.S.-Dakota War of 1862 and Mankato executions, resource economy, and modern land-back reckonings.
History of miscegenation
History of miscegenation: US laws against interracial sex and marriage from 1662 to Loving v. Virginia (1967), covering colonial statutes, the eugenics-era Racial Integrity Act, and repeal timelines.
History of mobile phones
The history of mobile phones, also called the history or evolution of cellular phones, spans 1946 car radiotelephones, 1980s handheld cellular phones, and modern smartphones.
History of modern Greece
History of modern Greece: the Greek state from the 1821 War of Independence against Ottoman rule to today, covering state building, the Great Idea, the 1922 Asia Minor Catastrophe, civil war, the 1967-74 junta, EU accession, and the 2010s debt crisis and recovery.
History of Modern Serbian Literature
History of Modern Serbian Literature (Историја нове српске књижевности) is Jovan Skerlić's 1912 history of Serbian literature from the 18th century to his own time.
History of Moldova
History of Moldova: from the 14th-century principality, Russian rule over Bessarabia (1812–1918), union with Romania (1918), Soviet incorporation (1940), independence (27 August 1991), the 1990–1992 Transnistria war, and contested Romanian/Moldovan identity politics through EU aspirations.
History of Monaco
The history of Monaco is the history of a 2.02 km² Ligurian-coast principality first seized by the House of Grimaldi in 1297 and ruled by it since.
History of money
The history of money traces the objects and claims societies have used as money, from Mesopotamian tablets and Lydian coins through paper currency and fiat money.
History of Mongolia
History of Mongolia: steppe empires from the Xiongnu, the 13th-century Mongol Empire, Qing-era Outer Mongolia from 1691, the 1924 socialist MPR, and the peaceful 1990 democratic transition.
History of mood disorders
The history of mood disorders covers how Western medicine explained and treated disordered mood, from ancient humoral melancholia to the operational categories of DSM-III in 1980.
History of Morocco
History of Morocco (المغرب): from Phoenician posts and Roman Mauretania Tingitana through Idrisid, Almoravid, Almohad, Marinid, Saadian and Alaouite rule, the 1912-1956 French and Spanish protectorates, and independence as a kingdom.
History of MTV
History of MTV: American cable channel launched August 1, 1981 by WASEC with the Buggles' "Video Killed the Radio Star"; grew into a youth-culture force, then pivoted to reality TV, now a Paramount brand with sharply declining audiences.
History of Mumbai
History of Mumbai, formerly Bombay (Bombaim), traces the seven Arabian Sea islands from Koli settlement and Mauryan rule through Portuguese and British colonial eras, 19th-century reclamation and textile industry, to the 1995 renaming and financial-capital status.
History of music
History of music: the record of humanly organized sound across societies, plus its historiography. Covers notation from 9th-century neumes, comparative musicology, ethnomusicology, the global turn, and 2025's 5.1-trillion-stream industry.
History of Myanmar
History of Myanmar (Burma): Pyu city-states from 100 BC, Bagan empire under Anawrahta 1044–1077, Toungoo and Konbaung dynasties, British rule from 1886, independence 4 January 1948, military rule since 1962, and the 2021 coup civil war.
History of Namibia
History of Namibia: German colony 1884–1915 (German South West Africa), site of the 1904–1908 Herero and Nama genocide, then South African mandate rule, SWAPO liberation war, UN-supervised independence on 21 March 1990, and SWAPO rule since.
History of national public broadcasting
The history of national public broadcasting covers the spread of BBC-style systems from the 1920s, their post-war reconstruction, Cold War division, and restructuring since the 1980s amid declining audiences.
History of Native Americans in the United States
History of Native Americans in the United States: Indigenous nations from precontact times through treaties (350+ by 1871), Removal Act 1830, Dawes Act 1887, Indian Citizenship Act 1924, Reorganization 1934, Termination, and Self-Determination 1975–present.
History of Nauru
History of Nauru: Pacific island under German rule from 1888, phosphate discovered 1900, Australian-administered UK-Australia-New Zealand mandate from 1919, Japanese occupation 1942-45, independence and phosphate boom 1968, then refugee-processing economy.
History of Nepal
History of Nepal: Himalayan landlocked state between India and China; Licchavi inscriptions from 464 AD, Malla era, 1769 Shah unification, 2008 republic, 2015 federal constitution.
History of New Orleans
History of New Orleans: founded 1718 by Bienville as Nouvelle-Orléans on the lower Mississippi, governed by France, Spain, and the United States; purchased in the 1803 Louisiana Purchase, antebellum slave-market port, birthplace of jazz, and city flooded by Hurricane Katrina in 2005.
History of New York City
History of New York City: from Lenape homeland and Dutch New Amsterdam (1624) through English New York (1664), the 1898 five-borough consolidation, immigration waves, and growth to a metropolis of over eight million.
History of New Zealand
History of New Zealand (Aotearoa): Polynesian Māori settlement before 1300 CE, European contact from Tasman 1642 and Cook 1769, the 1840 Treaty of Waitangi, the New Zealand Wars, and independence and Treaty settlements since 1975.
History of newspaper publishing
The history of newspaper publishing traces printed news from Johann Carolus's first weekly in Strasbourg in 1605, through steam-powered mass-circulation dailies, to today's digital news platforms.
History of Nicaragua
History of Nicaragua: Spanish settlement from 1524, independence in 1821 and 1838, British Mosquito Coast influence to 1894, US occupation 1912–1933, Somoza dictatorship to 1979, Sandinista revolution and Contra war, and Ortega's authoritarian consolidation since 2007.