All articles starting with H
20,046 articles
History of the United States dollar
The history of the United States dollar runs from the Coinage Act of 1792, which defined it in silver, to pure fiat money after 1976.
History of the United States Marine Corps
History of the United States Marine Corps: founded as the Continental Marines on 10 November 1775 for shipboard fighting and landings, disbanded in 1783, re-established 11 July 1798 under Commandant Burrows, and reshaped by amphibious doctrine and Force Design 2030.
History of the United States Navy
History of the United States Navy: founded by Continental Congress resolution 13 October 1775, reestablished by the Naval Act of 1794, Department of the Navy created 1798; traces its growth from Continental Navy to global force, Naval War College 1884, CNO 1915, and 1986 Maritime Strategy.
History of the United States public debt
The history of the United States public debt spans federal borrowing from the 1780s to over $40 trillion in 2026, with one complete payoff in 1835.
History of the web browser
The history of the web browser spans Tim Berners-Lee's first browser at CERN in 1990, the Mosaic and Netscape eras, the Microsoft browser war, and today's Blink-dominated market.
History of the World Wide Web
The history of the World Wide Web covers its invention by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN between 1989 and 1991, its 1993 public release, and rapid global growth.
History of the World, Part I
History of the World, Part I is Mel Brooks's 1981 20th Century Fox sketch comedy parodying historical epics from the Dawn of Man to the French Revolution, with Brooks in five roles, Orson Welles narrating, and a 2023 Hulu sequel.
History of the World, Part II
History of the World, Part II is a 2023 Hulu sketch comedy series, sequel to Mel Brooks's 1981 film, with eight episodes over four nights, Brooks narrating, and Kroll, Sykes, and Barinholtz as leads.
History of the world's tallest buildings
The history of the world's tallest buildings traces record holders from the Great Pyramid of Giza through New York skyscrapers to Dubai's 828 m Burj Khalifa.
History of the world's tallest structures
The history of the world's tallest structures traces the height record from the Great Pyramid of Giza to the 828 m Burj Khalifa, the record holder since 2010.
History of theatre
History of theatre: performed drama from prehistoric ritual through Greek and Indian literary theatre, Roman, medieval mystery plays, Elizabethan playhouses, and modern global theatre, with its historiography.
History of thermodynamics
History of thermodynamics, also called the mechanical theory of heat, traces the science of heat, work, and energy from Sadi Carnot's 1824 analysis of steam engines.
History of Tibet
History of Tibet: the recorded past of the Tibetan Plateau, also called the Tibetan Empire era, from the 7th-century rise under Songtsen Gampo through Buddhist transmissions, Mongol and Qing rule, and the People's Liberation Army's entry into Tibet in 1950–1951.
History of tiltrotor and convertible-rotor development
The history of tiltrotor and convertible-rotor development traces the aircraft that combine helicopter vertical lift with airplane cruise speed, from the 1950s XV-3 through the XV-15 to the V-22 Osprey.
History of Timbuktu
History of Timbuktu, Tombouctou: Malian Saharan trading city and Islamic learning center. Covers Tuareg founding, Mali and Songhay rule, 1591 Moroccan conquest, 1894 French occupation, and the 2012 manuscript destruction and 2025 return.
History of timekeeping devices
The history of timekeeping devices spans roughly 5,000 years, from ancient Egyptian sundials and water clocks through Huygens's pendulum clock and Harrison's marine chronometer to quartz and atomic clocks.
History of tobacco
History of tobacco: indigenous Nicotiana use in the Americas from about 12,300 years ago, post-1492 global spread, Virginia plantation economy, the Bonsack cigarette machine, 1964 surgeon general report, and WHO FCTC tobacco control.
History of Tonga
History of Tonga: the South Pacific kingdom settled by Lapita people about 3,000 years ago, ruled by the Tu'i Tonga dynasty, united by Tupou I in 1845, a British protectorate 1900-1970, independent since 4 June 1970.
History of tornado research
History of tornado research is the development of tornado science from the first statistics in the 1880s to the 1948 Tinker forecast, radar detection, the Fujita scale, and VORTEX.
History of Tour de France stage formats and rules
The history of Tour de France stage formats and rules traces how the race grew from six long stages in 1903 to 21 modern stages, with mountains added in 1910.
History of Toyota
History of Toyota traces the Japanese automaker from Toyoda Automatic Loom Works through its 1937 incorporation, the Toyota Production System, and record group sales of 11.22 million vehicles in 2023.
History of transport
The history of transport is the record of technologies that move people and goods, from wind, animals, and the wheel through railways, highways, and aviation to containerized freight.
History of treaty series publication and editing
The history of treaty series publication and editing covers how governments and international organizations collect, authenticate, and print treaties, from eighteenth-century collections through the League and United Nations series.
History of trigonometry
The history of trigonometry follows the development of the field from Greek chord tables by Hipparchus and Ptolemy, through the Indian sine tradition and al-Tusi's systematization of all six functions, to European treatises and logarithms.
History of Trinidad and Tobago
History of Trinidad and Tobago: from 7,000-year-old Banwari Trace settlement, Spanish then British rule, Indian indenture 1845-1917, union as one colony, independence 1962 under Eric Williams, republic 1976.
History of tuberculosis
History of tuberculosis, formerly consumption or phthisis: an ancient disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, identified by Robert Koch in 1882, treated by sanatoria, BCG (1921), and streptomycin (1943), now burdened by drug-resistant TB.
History of tunnel boring machines
The history of tunnel boring machines spans Marc Brunel's 1818 shield for the Thames Tunnel and James Robbins' first modern TBM, built for South Dakota's Oahe Dam in 1952.
History of Turkey
History of Turkey: the story of Anatolia under the Seljuks, the Ottoman Empire (c. 1300-1922), and the Republic of Turkey founded by Atatürk on October 29, 1923, from the 1876 constitution through the 1923 republic, coups of 1960-1980, and the 2017 presidential system.
History of Turkmenistan
History of Turkmenistan: from Bronze Age Margiana and Gonur Depe, through Silk Road Merv, capital of the Abbasids and Seljuks, to Russian rule in 1881, the Turkmen SSR from 1924, and 1991 independence.
History of Twitter
Twitter was a short-message social network created in 2006 inside the podcasting startup Odeo, which grew into a global venue for breaking news before Musk bought it in 2022.