All articles starting with H
20,046 articles
History of the short story
The history of the short story traces how brief prose fiction became a distinct published literary form in the nineteenth century, built on older traditions like parables.
History of the single transferable vote
History of the single transferable vote (STV), also called the Hare system: from Thomas Wright Hill's 1819 Birmingham quota election through Carl Andræ's 1855 Danish Rigsråd scheme and Thomas Hare's 1857 Machinery of Representation to Droop, Gregory, and Meek counting refinements and adoption in Tasmania, Ireland, Malta, and Australia.
History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom
History of the socialist movement in the United Kingdom: the 1880s socialist revival (Fabian Society 1884, SDF, Socialist League), the ILP 1893, the Labour Representation Committee 1900 and Labour Party, the 1945 welfare state, Clause IV's 1995 repeal, and recent left splits.
History of the socialist movement in the United States
The socialist movement in the United States is the history of parties and labor organizations advocating socialism from the 1870s through the twentieth century, led by the Socialist Labor Party and the Socialist Party of America.
History of the Soviet Union
History of the Soviet Union (USSR): the federal socialist state proclaimed by Lenin on December 30, 1922 and dissolved in December 1991. Covers the 1917 revolution, civil war, Stalin's Five-Year Plans, collectivization famine, the purges, the Cold War, and perestroika, distinguishing it from Russian imperial and post-Soviet history.
History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991)
History of the Soviet Union (1982–1991): the final Soviet decade from Brezhnev's death through Gorbachev's perestroika and glasnost reforms, economic crisis, the August 1991 coup, and dissolution into 15 independent republics on 25 December 1991.
History of the Spanish language
History of the Spanish language (historia del español): how Vulgar Latin in Roman Hispania became Castilian, from the 3rd century BC conquest, Glosas Emilianenses, Nebrija's 1492 grammar, and the 1713 RAE to a language of 21 countries and over 590 million speakers.
History of the State of Palestine
History of the State of Palestine: the state proclaimed by the PLO's Palestine National Council in Algiers on 15 November 1988, claiming the 1967-occupied West Bank (with East Jerusalem) and Gaza Strip, holding UN non-member observer status since 2012, and recognized by roughly 139 to 159 states.
History of the steam engine
The history of the steam engine spans from Hero of Alexandria's aeolipile around 100 CE through Savery's 1698 patent and Newcomen's engine to Watt's separate condenser.
History of the steel industry (1850–1970)
The history of the steel industry from 1850 to 1970 covers steel's transformation into a mass-produced commodity through the Bessemer, open-hearth, and basic oxygen process revolutions.
History of the Supreme Court of Canada
History of the Supreme Court of Canada: created by Parliament in 1875 under the Constitution Act, 1867; six original judges, appeals to the Privy Council until 1949, nine judges since, Charter-era guardian of the Constitution.
History of the Supreme Court of the United States
History of the US Supreme Court: from Article III and the Judiciary Act of 1789 through Marbury, Marshall, Dred Scott, the 1937 switch in time, Brown, and the modern nine-justice certiorari Court.
History of the tank
The history of the tank runs from its secret British invention in 1915 to break the trench deadlock of the First World War to today's main battle tanks.
History of the telegraph in Canada
Telegraphy in Canada ran from the first telegram, sent from Toronto to Hamilton on December 19, 1846, until the last Morse code train order in 1977, shaped by Western Union control and railway-owned carriers.
History of the telegraph in Latin America
The history of the telegraph in Latin America covers electrical telegraphy's arrival from the late 1840s, when governments, unlike in the United States, built and ran the networks.
History of the telephone
The history of the telephone runs from Alexander Graham Bell's 1876 patent through switchboards, dial phones, and long-distance networks to mobile systems overtaking fixed lines in 2002.
History of the telescope
The history of the telescope runs from Hans Lippershey's 1608 patent application in Holland through Galileo's 1609 astronomical observations, Newton's reflector, and the Hubble and James Webb space telescopes.
History of the Teller–Ulam design
The Teller–Ulam design is the hydrogen bomb principle in which X-rays from a fission bomb compress thermonuclear fuel, first tested in the 1952 Ivy Mike shot.
History of the transistor
The transistor, invented at Bell Telephone Laboratories in December 1947 by John Bardeen and Walter Brattain, replaced the vacuum tube and became the most manufactured artifact in history.
History of the tunic
The history of the tunic covers the closed, over-the-head garment that was the basic dress of men and women in antiquity and the European Middle Ages.
History of the United Arab Emirates
The United Arab Emirates has a history spanning eight millennia, evolving from Neolithic coastal communities and the Bronze Age copper trade of Magan to a federation established in 1971.
History of the United Kingdom
History of the United Kingdom: state formed by the 1707 Anglo-Scottish union and 1801 union with Ireland, shaped by parliamentary sovereignty, the Industrial Revolution, 1990s devolution, EEC entry in 1973, and Brexit departure from the EU in 2020.
History of the United Kingdom during the First World War
History of the United Kingdom in the First World War (1914–1918): voluntary recruiting then the 1916 Military Service Act, U-boat-driven food shortages and 1918 rationing, women's munitions work, Zeppelin raids, and 880,000 British military deaths.
History of the United Nations
History of the United Nations: also UN Charter history. International organization founded 1945 after WWII, successor to the League of Nations; Charter signed 26 June 1945 at San Francisco, in force 24 October 1945.
History of the United States
History of the United States, the national historical record, from American Indian societies present 15,000 to 20,000 years ago through the 1776 Declaration of Independence, 1787 Constitution, Civil War and Reconstruction amendments, industrialization, and the postwar era, as documented by the National Archives, Library of Congress, and National Park Service.
History of the United States (1776–1789)
The history of the United States from 1776 to 1789 covers independence and the Revolutionary War, government under the Articles of Confederation, and the 1787 Constitution.
History of the United States (1815–1849)
History of the United States (1815–1849): the Era of Good Feelings, Market Revolution, Missouri Compromise, Monroe Doctrine, Jacksonian democracy, Texas annexation, Mexican-American War, and Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo.
History of the United States (1849–1865)
United States history 1849–1865: Gold Rush, Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act, secession, Civil War, Emancipation Proclamation, and the Thirteenth Amendment abolishing slavery.
History of the United States Coast Guard
History of the United States Coast Guard: founded 1790 from Alexander Hamilton's revenue cutter plan, the nation's oldest continuous seagoing service; absorbed the Lighthouse Service (1939) and marine inspection (1946), moved to DOT (1967) and DHS (March 1, 2003), its largest agency, after a 9/11-driven transformation.
History of the United States Constitution
History of the United States Constitution: how the 1781 Articles of Confederation gave way to the 1787 Philadelphia convention, the Great and Three-Fifths compromises, 1787-1790 ratification, the Bill of Rights, and 27 amendments.