All articles starting with I

Independent Communications Authority of South Africa

The Independent Communications Authority of South Africa, known as ICASA, is the statutory body that regulates the country's communications, broadcasting, and postal sectors, including managing radio frequency spectrum.

Independent component analysis

Independent component analysis (ICA) is a statistical method for separating mixed signals into independent sources, formulated by Pierre Comon in 1994 and used for blind source separation.

Independent contact regions

Independent contact regions (ICRs) are regions on an object's boundary such that a finger contact placed anywhere inside each region produces a force closure grasp.

Independent Democratic Action

Independent Democratic Action (Acção Democrática Independente, ADI) is a major political party of São Tomé and Príncipe, formed in 1992 from PCD-GR dissidents, led for years by Patrice Trovoada, which won 30 of 55 seats in 2022 but split in 2025 and lost the 2026 elections.

Independent Democratic Union

The Independent Democratic Union (Unión Demócrata Independiente, UDI) is a conservative, right-wing political party in Chile, founded in 1983 by Jaime Guzmán during Augusto Pinochet's military regime.

Independent Electricity System Operator

The Independent Electricity System Operator (IESO) is the not-for-profit corporation that operates Ontario's electricity grid, runs its wholesale markets, and plans the province's future electricity supply.

Independent Energy

Independent Energy, formally Independent Energy UK Limited, was a British gas and electricity supplier, valued at £1.4 billion in 2000, that collapsed after failing to bill many of its customers.

Independent film

An independent film, also known as an indie film, is a motion picture made outside the major Hollywood studios, typically low budget and director-driven with creative freedom.

Independent Foreign Policy (Brazil)

Independent Foreign Policy (Portuguese: Política Externa Independente) was Brazil's Cold War policy of non-alignment from 1961 to 1964, pursued under Presidents Jânio Quadros and João Goulart until the 1964 coup.

Independent Games Festival

Independent Games Festival (IGF), founded 1998 by Alex Dunne, annual indie game competition at GDC in San Francisco; awards the $10,000 Seumas McNally Grand Prize plus category awards, with an IGF Pavilion and Independent Games Summit.

Independent Ireland

Independent Ireland (Éire Neamhspleách) is an Irish political party founded in 2023 by TDs Michael Collins and Richard O'Donoghue for voters disillusioned with Fianna Fáil, Fine Gael, and Sinn Féin.

Independent Labour Party

The Independent Labour Party (ILP) was a British socialist party founded at Bradford in 1893, a key founder of the Labour Party, which it left in 1932.

Oct 21, 2026

Independent Living

Independent living: disability-rights philosophy and movement, founded in Berkeley in 1972 by Ed Roberts and others, holding that people with disabilities control their own lives; implemented through over 350 U.S. centers for independent living under Rehabilitation Act Title VII.

Independent modal space control

Independent modal space control is a vibration control method that designs a separate feedback controller for each mode of a flexible structure, developed by Leonard Meirovitch from 1976.

Independent music

Independent music (indie): music made and distributed outside the Universal, Sony, and Warner major labels, spanning DIY self-releases, independent labels like Rough Trade and Creation, and a sector now near 50% of recorded music revenue.

Independent Music Awards

The Independent Music Awards (IMAs) is an annual US competition run by Music Resource Group honoring self-released and independent-label recordings, judged by artists rather than sales.

Independent Olympians at the Olympic Games

Independent Olympians: athletes competing at the Olympic Games without an NOC, as Independent Olympic Participants/Athletes (1992-2016) or Individual Neutral Athletes (AIN) for Russians and Belarusians at Paris 2024 and Milan-Cortina 2026.

Independent Order of Odd Fellows

Independent Order of Odd Fellows (IOOF), fraternal order founded by Thomas Wildey in Baltimore on April 26, 1819; independent of England's Manchester Unity in 1843; motto Friendship, Love, and Truth; peak of 1,898,567 members in 1921.

Independent Paralympians at the Paralympic Games

Independent Paralympians, including Neutral Paralympic Athletes (NPA) and the Refugee Paralympic Team, compete at the Paralympic Games without a National Paralympic Committee, as at Barcelona 1992, Rio 2016, Beijing 2022, and Paris 2024.

Independent Paralympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Paralympics

The Independent Paralympic Participants, officially Individual Paralympic Athletes (IPA), were Yugoslav athletes at the 1992 Barcelona Paralympics who competed independently due to UN sanctions, winning 8 medals.

Independent Party of Color

The Independent Party of Color (Partido Independiente de Color, PIC) was a Cuban political party founded in Havana in 1908 by Afro-Cuban independence veterans to press for racial equality.

Independent People

Independent People (Sjálfstætt fólk) is a 1934–1935 novel by Icelandic Nobel laureate Halldór Laxness, following a crofter whose obsession with independence costs those around him dearly.

Independent politician

Independent politician: a candidate or officeholder running without a registered political party (also non-party candidate, unaffiliated). Distinct in ballot access rules, candidate-centered systems, and non-party parliamentary status.

Independent politician (Ireland)

Independent politician (Ireland): a TD, Senator, councillor or candidate with no party affiliation. Thrives under PR-STV; 16 independents plus 4 Independent Ireland TDs after the 2024 election; independent Catherine Connolly won the 2025 presidency.

Independent Press Standards Organisation

Independent Press Standards Organisation (IPSO): UK press self-regulator created March 2014, replacing the Press Complaints Commission after the Leveson Inquiry; enforces the Editors' Code of Practice over 1,800+ voluntary member titles, is industry-funded via the Regulatory Funding Company, and has not sought Royal Charter recognition, unlike Impress.

Independent Public Schools

Independent Public Schools are government-funded public schools in Western Australia that gained greater local control over staffing, budgets, and operations under a 2009 state initiative, growing to 639 schools by 2024.

Independent record label

Independent record label (indie label): a record company independently funded and not owned by Universal, Sony, or Warner. Covers A&R, distribution, indie history from Sam Cooke to Rough Trade, and streaming economics.

Independent record labels in Latin America

Independent record labels in Latin America are recording companies outside the three major groups, including mid-20th-century labels like Colombia's Discos Ondina Fonográfica and 100 Peruvian imprints cataloged between 2000 and 2020.

Independent record labels in Spain and Portugal

Independent record labels in Spain and Portugal are companies outside Sony, Warner, and Universal that have released popular music in both countries since the early 1980s.