All articles starting with L
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Liquidation
Liquidation (winding up) is the terminal corporate insolvency procedure: assets are sold, proceeds distributed to creditors by statutory priority, and the company dissolved. Distinguished from administration, which attempts rescue; forms include CVL, compulsory, and members' voluntary liquidation.
Liquidation Convention of 1885
The Liquidation Convention of 1885 (اتفاقية تصفية ديون مصر ١٨٨٥) was signed in London on 18 March 1885 by seven powers to reorganize Egypt's public finances after the British occupation of 1882.
Liquidation of the Zaporozhian Sich
The Destruction of the Zaporozhian Sich (Зруйнування Запорозької Січі) was Catherine II's 1775 abolition of the Zaporozhian Host, ending Cossack autonomy on the Ukrainian steppe.
Liquidity constraint
A liquidity constraint is a limit on an economic agent's ability to exchange existing wealth for goods, services, or assets, arising from frictions like private information and transactions costs.
Liquidity coverage ratio
The liquidity coverage ratio (LCR) is a Basel bank liquidity standard set in 2013 after the 2008 crisis, requiring high-quality liquid assets to cover 30 days of stressed outflows.
Liquidity preference
Liquidity preference is Keynes's theory, introduced in The General Theory (1936), that the demand to hold money is a function of the rate of interest.
Liquidity preference theory
Liquidity preference theory is John Maynard Keynes's theory that the interest rate is determined by the quantity of money and the public's desire to hold wealth as cash.
Liquidity trap
A liquidity trap is a macroeconomic situation in which near-zero interest rates make monetary injections ineffective, a concept revived by Paul Krugman's 1998 analysis of Japan.
Liquidmetal Technologies (company)
Liquidmetal Technologies Inc is a publicly traded materials technology company in Lake Forest, California, that makes custom parts from its proprietary bulk amorphous alloys, or metallic glasses.
Liquipedia
Liquipedia, also known as Liquipedia.net, is a volunteer-run wiki network covering esports, launched by Team Liquid in 2009 and covering more than 17 games, including Counter-Strike and Dota 2.
Liqun Luo
Liqun Luo (骆利群) is a Chinese-born neuroscientist at Stanford University who studies how neural circuits assemble their connections, known for developing the MARCM method for labeling single neurons in fruit flies.
Liquor
Liquor, also called spirits or hard liquor, is distilled alcohol: whisky, vodka, rum, gin, brandy, tequila. Covers distillation, history, categories, US and China markets, regulation, and health effects.
Liquor Control Board of Ontario
The Liquor Control Board of Ontario (LCBO) is a Crown corporation and Ontario government agent that retails and wholesales beverage alcohol, remitting billions in profits to the provincial treasury.
Liquor store
Liquor store: a retail shop selling packaged alcohol for off-premise consumption, an off-premise alcohol outlet. Covers US licensing, control versus license states, outlet density research, and privatization cases.
Liquorice
Liquorice (licorice), Glycyrrhiza glabra, also called gan cao or sweet root: a Fabaceae perennial herb whose glycyrrhizin-rich rhizomes flavor candy, tobacco, and root beer, and whose excess consumption raises blood pressure and lowers potassium.
Liquorice (confectionery)
Liquorice (confectionery): sweets flavoured with Glycyrrhiza glabra root extract, born in Pontefract in the 1760s when George Dunhill added sugar; includes allsorts, Pontefract cakes, Dutch drop, salmiak styles, and glycyrrhizin blood-pressure risks.
Lira
The lira is a currency unit used in 2025 by Türkiye and Lebanon, and formerly by Italy, whose lira circulated from 1862 until it was replaced by the euro in 2002.
Lira (musician)
Lira, stage name of Lerato Molapo, is a South African Afro-soul singer born in Daveyton in 1979, with three platinum albums and eleven South African Music Awards.
Lira dos Vinte Anos
Lira dos Vinte Anos is a book of poetry by Brazilian poet Álvares de Azevedo, published posthumously in 1853 and regarded as a central work of ultrarromantismo.
Lira Paulistana
Lira Paulistana is the name of Mário de Andrade's final poetry book, published in 1945, and of an avant-garde theater in São Paulo's Pinheiros district that took its name.
LIRA trial
LIRA (NCT07799740), Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging for Rectal Anastomotic Evaluation, a University of Aarhus feasibility trial testing laparoscopic LSCI rectal perfusion measurement during rectal cancer surgery in 100 participants, compared with ICG fluorescence imaging.
Lirael
Lirael (Lirael, Daughter of the Clayr) is Garth Nix's 2001 Old Kingdom fantasy novel, sequel to Sabriel, about a Sightless orphan of the Clayr, her library work, the Disreputable Dog, and Prince Sameth; it ends "To be continued" in Abhorsen.
Liraglutide
Liraglutide (Victoza, Saxenda) is a once-daily injectable GLP-1 receptor agonist by Novo Nordisk for type 2 diabetes (up to 1.8 mg) and obesity (3.0 mg), with LEADER cardiovascular benefit, thyroid C-cell tumor boxed warning, and first generics approved in 2025.
Liran Carmel
Liran Carmel is an Israeli computational biologist and professor of genetics at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem who reconstructs DNA methylation maps from ancient DNA damage patterns.
Lirentelimab
Lirentelimab (AK002), Allakos's humanized non-fucosylated IgG1 anti-Siglec-8 monoclonal antibody that depletes eosinophils and inhibits mast cells; positive phase 2 ENIGMA results but phase 3 symptom endpoints failed and development ended in January 2024.
Lirio Parisotto
Lirio Parisotto (Lírio Parisotto), born in 1953 in Rio Grande do Sul, is a Brazilian petrochemical entrepreneur who founded Videolar-Innova in Manaus, with Forbes estimating his net worth at US$2.7 billion.
Liriodendron
Liriodendron (tulip tree, tulip poplar) is a genus of two Magnoliaceae tree species, L. tulipifera of eastern North America and L. chinense of China and Vietnam, with saddle-shaped leaves and tulip-like flowers.
Liriodendron tulipifera
Liriodendron tulipifera, the tulip poplar or yellow poplar, is a fast-growing eastern North American hardwood tree reaching up to 200 feet, valued for furniture wood.
Liriomyza huidobrensis
Liriomyza huidobrensis (pea leafminer, serpentine leafminer), Blanchard 1926, Agromyzidae: polyphagous leafmining fly, native to South America (Peru origin), invasive in 30+ countries, quarantine pest, 365 host plant species.
Liriomyza sativae
Liriomyza sativae, the vegetable leafminer, is a polyphagous fly whose larvae tunnel leaves of vegetable and ornamental crops, native to the Americas and now invasive worldwide.