All articles starting with L

Lithium bis(oxalato)borate

Lithium bis(oxalato)borate (LiBOB) is a thermally stable lithium salt, first patented in 1999, used in lithium-ion batteries as an electrolyte salt and film-forming additive that forms a protective electrode interlayer.

Lithium brines

Lithium brines are lithium-rich saline groundwaters beneath dry salt flats and salt lakes, pumped and concentrated in evaporation ponds; they supply about three-fourths of world lithium production.

Lithium bromide

Lithium bromide (LiBr) is a highly hygroscopic white crystalline salt of lithium and bromine, the standard absorbent in water/LiBr absorption chillers and heat pumps since the 1950s.

Lithium burning

Lithium burning is the nuclear destruction of lithium inside stars, which begins at about 2.5 million K and makes surface lithium a clock for dating young stars and clusters.

Lithium carbonate

Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) is the lithium salt of carbonic acid, a white powder that is the main commercial form of lithium and the mood-stabilizing drug for bipolar I disorder.

Lithium ceramic pebbles

Lithium ceramic pebbles are millimeter-sized granules of lithium ceramics, mainly lithium orthosilicate and lithium metatitanate, that breed tritium fuel when struck by fusion neutrons in reactor blankets.

Lithium chloride

Lithium chloride (LiCl) is a white, extremely hygroscopic lithium salt used as a liquid desiccant in air conditioning, a flux for welding aluminum, and a selective precipitant of RNA.

Lithium cobalt oxide

Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂, commonly abbreviated LCO) is a layered oxide cathode reported in 1980 by John B. Goodenough's team at Oxford and commercialized by Sony in 1991.

Lithium cobalt phosphate

Lithium cobalt phosphate (LiCoPO₄) is an inorganic phosphate used as a high-voltage cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, delivering about 4.8 V and a theoretical energy density of 800 Wh kg⁻¹, though it remains uncommercialized.

Lithium dendrite

A lithium dendrite is a tree-like deposit of metallic lithium forming on a lithium metal anode during charging; when it bridges the electrodes it causes internal short circuits and fires.

Lithium depletion boundary

The lithium depletion boundary is a method for dating young star clusters and associations by finding the mass at which members have burned their lithium, reliable from about 20 to a few hundred million years.

Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate

Lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB, also LiODFB) is a lithium salt, structurally between LiBOB and LiBF4, first synthesized in 2003 and used in lithium-ion battery electrolytes as a film-forming additive.

Lithium difluorophosphate

Lithium difluorophosphate (LiPO₂F₂, often abbreviated LiDFP) is an inorganic lithium salt used as an electrolyte additive in lithium batteries, where it forms protective films that suppress dendrites and improve high-voltage and low-temperature operation.

Lithium diisopropylamide

Lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) is a strong, sterically hindered, non-nucleophilic base with formula C6H14LiN, used for 50 years in organic synthesis to form lithium enolates of ketones, aldehydes, and esters.

Lithium disilicate

Lithium disilicate (Li2Si2O5) is a glass-ceramic of interlocking needle-like crystals in a glass matrix, the most widely used high-strength dental ceramic, sold as IPS e.max.

Lithium fluoride

Lithium fluoride (LiF) is an inorganic salt of lithium and fluorine that forms transparent cubic crystals and is used in ultraviolet optics, radiation dosimetry, and batteries.

Lithium hexafluorophosphate

Lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) is an inorganic lithium salt used as the conducting salt in the electrolyte of nearly all commercial lithium-ion batteries, typically dissolved in carbonate solvents.

Lithium hydride

Lithium hydride (LiH) is an ionic compound of lithium and hydrogen that reacts violently with water and serves as a reducing agent and neutron-shielding material.

Lithium hydride-mediated chemical looping ammonia synthesis

Lithium hydride-mediated chemical looping ammonia synthesis is a two-step route in which LiH fixes nitrogen as Li2NH, then releases NH3 on hydrogenation, avoiding Haber–Bosch conditions.

Lithium hydroxide

Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) is a white hygroscopic solid, the strongest alkali-metal hydroxide in commercial use, serving as a carbon dioxide scrubber in spacecraft and a battery cathode precursor.

Lithium Ionic

Lithium Ionic Corp. is a Canadian lithium exploration and development company whose flagship Bandeira project, in Minas Gerais, Brazil, shows a post-tax NPV of US$1.45 billion.

Lithium iridate

Lithium iridate (Li2IrO3) is an iridium oxide with layered honeycomb-type magnetic lattices of Ir4+ ions, studied as a realization of the Kitaev model and unusual for existing in three polymorphs, alpha, beta, and gamma.

Lithium iron phosphate

Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4, abbreviated LFP) is a lithium-ion battery cathode material prized for safety, long cycle life, and low cost, with no cobalt or nickel.

Lithium iron phosphate battery

The lithium iron phosphate battery, or LFP battery (LiFePO4), is a lithium-ion battery prized for safety, low cost, and long cycle life in electric vehicles and stationary storage.

Lithium lanthanum zirconium oxide

Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO), lithium lanthanum zirconate, is a lithium-stuffed garnet ceramic that conducts lithium ions rapidly, first reported in 2007 and a leading electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries.

Lithium manganese iron phosphate

Lithium manganese iron phosphate, or LMFP, is a cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, first commercialized in 2024, that raises energy density 15–20% over LFP at similar cost.

Lithium manganese oxide

Lithium manganese oxide (LMO) is a spinel cathode material, LiMn2O4, for lithium-ion batteries, first reported in 1983 and used in power tools and early EVs.

Lithium manganese oxide battery

A lithium manganese oxide (LMO) battery is a lithium-ion battery with a spinel LiMn2O4 cathode, prized for low cost, safety, and high power but limited by manganese dissolution.

Lithium manganese phosphate

Lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO4, or LMP) is an olivine-structured inorganic compound investigated as a lithium-ion battery cathode, offering about 20% higher energy density than lithium iron phosphate.