All articles starting with L
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Lithium metal anode
A lithium metal anode is a battery negative electrode made of metallic lithium, offering the highest theoretical capacity of any anode but held back by dendrite growth.
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxides
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminium oxides, abbreviated NCA, are layered lithium-ion battery cathode materials with capacity of 180–200 mAh/g, used by Tesla and Panasonic in electric vehicles.
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide
Lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA) is a lithium-ion battery cathode material, used by Panasonic and Tesla, valued for high energy but costly and less safe.
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide, also written NCM, is a layered oxide cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, used in about 50% of electric vehicles sold in 2023.
Lithium nickel manganese oxide
Lithium nickel manganese oxide (LiNi₀.₅Mn₁.₅O₄, commonly abbreviated LNMO) is a cobalt-free spinel cathode material for lithium-ion batteries with a high 4.7-volt working voltage, a leading high-voltage candidate still limited by degradation.
Lithium nickel oxide
Lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO₂), also called lithium nickelate, is a layered transition-metal oxide, first synthesized in 1954, that serves as the prototype of nickel-rich cathode materials in lithium-ion batteries.
Lithium niobate
Lithium niobate (LiNbO3, LN) is a synthetic ferroelectric crystal not found in nature, widely used in electro-optic modulators and in surface acoustic wave filters in smartphones.
Lithium niobate on insulator
Lithium niobate on insulator (LNOI), also called thin-film lithium niobate (TFLN), is a photonic materials platform bonding a sub-micrometer lithium niobate film to a low-index insulator, enabling compact integrated modulators.
Lithium niobate photonics
Lithium niobate photonics is the branch of integrated photonics that builds modulators, wavelength converters, and quantum devices in lithium niobate, increasingly as thin-film nanophotonic circuits.
Lithium nitrate
Lithium nitrate (LiNO₃) is an inorganic compound, the lithium salt of nitric acid, a deliquescent crystalline solid used as a strong oxidizing agent and molten-salt storage medium.
Lithium nitrate additive
Lithium nitrate (LiNO3) is an inorganic salt additive for lithium metal and lithium-sulfur batteries, decomposing at the lithium anode to form a protective solid electrolyte interphase.
Lithium orotate
Lithium orotate, the lithium salt of orotic acid sold as a low-dose lithium supplement, differs from lithium carbonate; a 1979 Smith and Schou rat study found reduced kidney function, higher serum, kidney, and heart lithium levels, and advised against patient use.
Lithium oxide
Lithium oxide (Li₂O), also called dilithium monoxide, is a white ionic solid known as a candidate tritium breeding ceramic for fusion reactor blankets, studied since the 1980s.
Lithium peroxide
Lithium peroxide ($ ext{Li}2 ext{O}2$) is an inorganic compound containing the peroxy anion. It is the solid discharge product of the lithium–oxygen battery, providing theoretical energy density.
Lithium phosphorus oxynitride
Lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) is an amorphous glassy solid electrolyte that conducts lithium ions while blocking electrons, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in the early 1990s.
Lithium plating
Lithium plating is the deposition of metallic lithium on a lithium-ion battery's anode during charging instead of intercalation, triggered by fast or low-temperature charging and causing dendrites, capacity fade, and short circuits.
Lithium plating during fast charging
Lithium plating during fast charging is a side reaction in lithium-ion batteries where lithium metal deposits on the graphite anode, causing capacity loss and safety risks.
Lithium polymer battery
A lithium polymer battery, abbreviated LiPo, is a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, usually a flexible pouch cell whose chemistry matches rigid lithium-ion batteries; pouches suit phones and music players.
Lithium sulfide
Lithium sulfide (Li₂S) is a white inorganic salt of lithium and sulfur with a theoretical capacity of 1166 mAh g⁻¹, used as a sulfur-battery cathode and electrolyte precursor.
Lithium tantalate
Lithium tantalate (LiTaO₃, often abbreviated LT) is a ferroelectric oxide single crystal grown by the Czochralski method and used at scale in smartphone radio-frequency filters, infrared detectors, and photonic circuits.
Lithium tetrafluoroborate
Lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4) is an inorganic lithium salt used as an electrolyte salt in lithium-ion batteries, studied as an alternative to LiPF6 for low-temperature use.
Lithium therapy
Lithium therapy is medical treatment with lithium salts, principally lithium carbonate, used as a first-line long-term mood stabilizer in bipolar disorder and as an augmenting agent in depression.
Lithium thiophosphate glass-ceramic electrolyte
A lithium thiophosphate glass-ceramic electrolyte is a solid lithium-ion conductor from the Li2S–P2S5 glass system, offering room-temperature conductivity above 10^-3 S/cm and cold-press processability for all-solid-state lithium batteries.
Lithium titanate
Lithium titanate (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, LTO) is a spinel oxide used as the anode in lithium-ion batteries known for safety, fast charging, and very long cycle life.
Lithium titanate battery
A lithium titanate battery is a rechargeable lithium-ion battery whose anode is lithium titanate instead of graphite, giving very fast charging, long cycle life, safety, and lower energy density.
Lithium toxicity
Lithium toxicity (lithium poisoning, overdose) is harmful accumulation of the bipolar disorder drug lithium, in acute, chronic, or acute-on-chronic patterns; treated with IV fluids and hemodialysis per EXTRIP criteria, with SILENT as permanent neurologic risk.
Lithium vapor box divertor
The lithium vapor box divertor is a proposed fusion power-exhaust concept, proposed at Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory in 2015, using dense lithium vapor to cool and detach the tokamak divertor plasma.
Lithium-6
Lithium-6 (⁶Li) is a stable fermionic isotope of lithium, about 7.59 percent of natural lithium, used in ultracold-atom experiments, including the 2002 Duke University observation of a strongly interacting Fermi gas.
Lithium-7
Lithium-7 is the heavier of lithium's two stable isotopes, a boson making up about 92.4 percent of natural lithium, central to Bose-Einstein condensation research and the cosmic lithium problem in cosmology.
Lithium-carbon dioxide battery
A lithium-carbon dioxide battery is a rechargeable metal–gas cell in which lithium reacts with carbon dioxide at the cathode, fixing CO₂ during discharge; it remains at the laboratory stage.