All articles starting with L

Lithium-ion battery

A lithium-ion battery is a rechargeable battery in which lithium ions shuttle between cathode and anode; commercialized in the early 1990s, it powers electronics, electric vehicles, and grid storage.

Lithium-ion battery anode

The lithium-ion battery anode is the negative electrode that stores lithium ions during charging and releases them on discharge; commercial cells almost always use graphite.

Lithium-ion battery degradation

Lithium-ion battery degradation is the irreversible loss of performance in a lithium-ion battery over time, appearing as capacity fade and impedance rise through calendar aging and cycle aging.

Lithium-ion battery electrolyte

The lithium-ion battery electrolyte is typically a lithium salt such as LiPF6 dissolved in organic carbonate solvents, carrying lithium ions between electrodes and forming the protective interphases that enable stable cycling.

Lithium-ion capacitor

A lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) is a hybrid supercapacitor combining a capacitor-type activated carbon positive electrode with a lithium pre-doped battery-type negative electrode, offering higher energy density than EDLCs.

Lithium-lead eutectic

The lithium-lead eutectic, written Pb-17Li or Pb-16Li, is a liquid lead-lithium alloy with a melting point of about 235 °C used as a tritium breeder in fusion reactors.

Lithium-mediated ammonia synthesis

Lithium-mediated electrochemical nitrogen reduction to ammonia (Li-NRR) is an electrochemical route in which lithium metal reacts with nitrogen to form lithium nitride, which is protonated to release ammonia.

Lithium-metal batteries with ionic liquid electrolytes

Lithium-metal batteries with ionic liquid electrolytes are rechargeable cells that pair a lithium-metal anode with non-flammable molten organic salts, trading some conductivity for safety and stability.

Lithium-metal battery

A lithium-metal battery is a rechargeable or primary battery whose anode is metallic lithium, offering the highest anode capacity and energy density but held back by dendrites.

Lithium-rich layered oxide

A lithium-rich layered oxide (LRLO) is a lithium-ion battery cathode material with extra lithium in the transition-metal layer, reaching capacities above 250 mAh/g through cationic and anionic redox.

Lithium–air battery

A lithium–air battery is a metal–air electrochemical cell that pairs a lithium anode with an oxygen cathode, offering the highest theoretical specific energy, 3,458 Wh/kg, of any rechargeable chemistry.

Lithium–carbon fluoride battery

The lithium–carbon fluoride battery, or Li/CFx, is a non-rechargeable battery with a lithium anode and fluorinated carbon cathode, the highest specific energy of any practical battery chemistry.

Lithium–iron disulfide battery

A lithium–iron disulfide battery is a non-rechargeable 1.5-volt cell pairing lithium with an iron disulfide cathode, sold as a long-lasting drop-in replacement for AA and AAA alkaline batteries.

Lithium–sulfur battery

The Lithium–sulfur battery (Li–S) is a rechargeable electrochemical cell that pairs metallic lithium and elemental sulfur, achieving a theoretical specific energy five to six times higher than lithium-ion cells.

Oct 20, 2026

Lithobates

Lithobates (American water frogs) is a genus of 45 ranid frog species including the American bullfrog, green frog, wood frog, and leopard frogs, split from Rana in 2006 amid ongoing nomenclatural debate.

Oct 21, 2026

Lithocarpus

Lithocarpus, the stone oaks, a genus of about 300-350 evergreen Fagaceae trees of tropical and subtropical Asia, insect-pollinated, with erect spikes and nuts in valveless cupules, distinct from Quercus.

Lithocholic Acid

Lithocholic acid is a secondary bile acid formed when intestinal bacteria convert chenodeoxycholic acid; it is the most hydrophobic and cytotoxic common human bile acid and a circadian signaling molecule.

Lithoglyphidae

Lithoglyphidae, gravel snails or pebblesnails, is a family of small freshwater operculate gastropod snails in Truncatelloidea, with about 12 genera and 84 species and a Miocene fossil record.

Lithography

Lithography, or lithographic printing, is a printing method, invented by Alois Senefelder in Bavaria around 1796, in which image areas take greasy ink and blank areas take water; it evolved into offset lithography.

Lithoko tsa marena

Lithoko tsa marena, Sesotho for "praise poems of the chiefs," are the heroic praise poems of the Basotho, composed for chiefs, kings, and warriors and first printed by Zakea D. Mangoaela.

Lithology

Lithology is the description of rocks by observable physical characteristics such as color, mineral composition, grain size, texture, and degree of cementation; it defines lithostratigraphic units.

Lithopedion

Lithopedion (lithopaedion, stone baby), from Greek lithos and paidion, is a calcified dead fetus retained after undiagnosed ectopic pregnancy; under 350 cases, retained 4–60 years, classified by Küchenmeister into three forms.

Lithophyte

Lithophyte (stone plant; saxicolous, rupicolous, epipetric): a plant growing in or on rocks, drawing water and nutrients from rain, dew, debris, and rock-weathering microbes; distinct from chasmophytes, which root in rock crevices; common in orchids, bromeliads, cacti, ferns, and mosses.