All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Multiple testing correction
Multiple testing correction, also called a multiple testing procedure, adjusts p-values or thresholds when many hypotheses are tested simultaneously, controlling either the family-wise error rate or the false discovery rate.
Multiple time dimensions
Multiple time dimensions, also called multidimensional time, are hypothetical spacetimes with more than one time coordinate, studied in frameworks such as Bars's two-time physics and Vafa's F-theory.
Multiple use management area
Multiple use management area: land or water managed by one authority for two or more purposes (grazing, timber, recreation, watershed protection); formerly IUCN Category VIII, now covered by categories V and VI.
Multiple valve disease
Multiple valve disease (multivalvular heart disease, ICD-11 BC00) is stenotic or regurgitant lesions in two or more heart valves, distinct from mixed single-valve disease; it affects roughly 30% of left-sided valve disease patients, resists standard echocardiographic grading, and is managed case by case around the predominant lesion.
Multiple-alarm fire
A multiple-alarm fire, also called a three alarm fire, is one where a fire department dispatches additional predefined sets of engines and chiefs beyond the first alarm.
Multiple-arch dam
A multiple-arch dam is a concrete buttress dam in which thin arches span between buttresses, developed by John S. Eastwood from 1908 to save concrete.
Multiple-camera setup
Multiple-camera setup (multicam): a film and TV production method using several cameras recording one scene simultaneously, switched live or edited later; standard for live TV, sitcoms like I Love Lucy, sports, and soap operas, contrasted with single-camera shooting.
Multiple-criteria decision analysis
Multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA), also called multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), is a subfield of operational research that helps decision-makers choose, rank, or sort alternatives against several conflicting criteria.
Multiple-effect distillation
Multiple-effect distillation (MED) is a thermal desalination method that evaporates seawater in connected vessels at successively lower pressures, reusing latent heat across effects for low energy consumption.
Multiple-effect evaporator
A multiple-effect evaporator is a series of evaporator vessels in decreasing pressure, where vapor boiled off in one effect heats the next, reusing latent heat to save steam.
Multiple-input multiple-output equalization
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) equalization is an adaptive filtering technique in which several input signals are jointly filtered into several outputs, separating mixed channels in coherent optical receivers.
Multiple-instance learning
Multiple-instance learning (MIL) is a weakly supervised machine learning method in which labels apply to whole bags of instances, introduced in 1997 for drug-activity prediction.
Multiple-point statistics
Multiple-point statistics (MPS) is a family of geostatistical simulation methods that generates spatial realizations from a training image rather than a variogram, formalized in 1993.
Multiple-prism dispersion theory
Multiple-prism dispersion theory is the mathematical description of light dispersion in a sequence of prisms, introduced by Duarte and Piper in 1982 for tunable dye lasers.
Multiple-scale analysis
Multiple-scale analysis is a perturbation method that treats fast and slow variables as independent to cancel secular terms, giving approximate solutions valid where regular perturbation expansions break down.
Multiple-try Metropolis
Multiple-try Metropolis (MTM) is a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm introduced by Liu, Liang, and Wong in 2000, drawing several candidate states each step and selecting among them by weight.
Multiples Alternate Asset Management
Multiples Alternate Asset Management, or Multiples PE, is an India-focused private equity firm founded in Mumbai in 2009 by Renuka Ramnath, with about $3 billion under management.
Multiplex (movie theater)
Multiplex (movie theater): a cinema with multiple auditoriums sharing one entrance, box office, and concessions. Pioneered by Stanley Durwood's AMC in Kansas City, 1963; became the dominant exhibition model worldwide.
Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization
Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (multiplex FISH) is a microscopy method that uses fluorescent probes to detect hundreds of RNA or DNA targets in fixed cells and tissue.
Multiplex genome editing
Multiplex genome editing is the simultaneous introduction of several targeted DNA modifications into a single genome, most commonly by co-expressing multiple guide RNAs with one CRISPR-associated (Cas) nuclease.
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) is a molecular genetics method that detects deletions and duplications of targeted DNA sequences, reported by J. P. Schouten in 2002.
Multiplex PCR
Multiplex PCR is a polymerase chain reaction method that amplifies several DNA targets at once in one tube using multiple primer pairs, introduced by Jeffrey Chamberlain in 1988 for Duchenne muscular dystrophy screening.
Multiplexed bead-based immunoassay
A multiplexed bead-based immunoassay, also known as a fluorescent microsphere immunoassay, measures many proteins simultaneously in one sample by capturing each analyte on distinct fluorescently coded antibody-coated microspheres.
Multiplexed immunofluorescence
Multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) is a tissue-imaging method that detects multiple protein targets simultaneously in one section, quantifying immune cell types and their spatial arrangement in tumors.
Multiplexed immunohistochemistry
Multiplexed immunohistochemistry (mIHC) stains a single tissue section with several antibodies so two or more biomarkers can be detected in place, typically 2 to 50 markers, underpinning tumor immune profiling and biomarker work in immuno-oncology.
Multiplexed ion beam imaging
Multiplexed ion beam imaging (MIBI) is an imaging mass spectrometry method that maps dozens of metal-isotope-labeled antibodies in tissue sections, introduced in Nature Medicine in 2014.
Multiplexed tissue imaging
Multiplexed tissue imaging, also known as highly multiplexed tissue imaging, is a family of methods that measure dozens of biomarkers simultaneously in a single tissue section.
Multiplexer
A multiplexer, or data selector, selects one of several input signals and forwards it to a single output, or combines several signals into one composite signal for transmission.
Multiplexing
Multiplexing is the set of techniques for combining multiple information channels onto one shared transmission facility, such as a fiber or radio carrier, so they travel simultaneously.
Multiplication
Multiplication is one of the four basic arithmetic operations, producing a product that represents repeated addition of one number a number of times equal to another.