All articles starting with M
36,687 articles
Multiple comparisons problem
The multiple comparisons problem, also called the multiple testing problem, is the risk that testing many hypotheses at once inflates the chance of a false positive.
Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome
Multiple congenital anomalies-hypotonia-seizures syndrome (MCAHS), also PIGN-CDG/MCAHS1 (OMIM 614080), a rare autosomal recessive GPI-anchor glycosylation defect with severe developmental delay, hypotonia, early seizures, and cardiac, genitourinary, and gastrointestinal anomalies.
Multiple correspondence analysis
Multiple correspondence analysis (MCA), also known as homogeneity analysis or dual scaling, is a multivariate method for mapping categorical variables, standard for questionnaire and survey data.
Multiple cropping
Multiple cropping is the cultivation of two or more crops on the same field within one year, either sequentially or as intercropping, to raise land-use efficiency.
Multiple delivery
Multiple delivery (ICD-11 JB24): birth of more than one infant from one pregnancy, usually twins. Covers US epidemiology, elevated maternal and perinatal risks, and evidence that planned cesarean and planned vaginal twin delivery have similar outcomes.
Multiple dispatch
Multiple dispatch is a programming language mechanism that selects which method runs based on the runtime types of more than one argument, as in Julia and CLOS.
Multiple displacement amplification
Multiple displacement amplification (MDA) is an isothermal whole-genome amplification method using phi29 DNA polymerase and random primers, yielding micrograms of DNA from single cells with low bias.
Multiple drug hypersensitivity syndrome
Multiple drug hypersensitivity syndrome (MDHS, ICD-11 4A85.04): confirmed drug allergies to two or more chemically unrelated drugs, T-cell mediated, distinct from cross-reactivity, flare-up reactions, and nonimmune multiple drug intolerance syndrome.
Multiple Drug Resistance
Multiple drug resistance (MDR, multidrug resistance): simultaneous resistance to several structurally distinct drugs. Covers MDR-TB (isoniazid plus rifampicin resistance), XDR-TB definitions, bacterial efflux and inactivation mechanisms, and cancer ABC-transporter resistance.
Multiple electrode aggregometry
Multiple electrode aggregometry (MEA) is a point-of-care whole-blood test that measures platelet aggregation through electrical impedance between electrode pairs, used to monitor antiplatelet drugs in PCI, surgery, and trauma care.
Multiple encryption
Multiple encryption is a cryptographic technique that applies a cipher several times with independent keys, best known through Triple DES, though double encryption gains little against meet-in-the-middle attacks.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia
Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN1, MEN2, Wermer's syndrome) is a group of autosomal dominant inherited syndromes causing tumors of multiple endocrine glands, driven by MEN1/menin or RET gene mutations.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1, Wermer's syndrome) is an autosomal dominant tumor suppressor gene disorder causing parathyroid, pancreatic-duodenal, and pituitary tumors, requiring lifelong surveillance per 2025 guidelines.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2, Sipple syndrome) is an autosomal dominant syndrome caused by activating germline RET mutations, producing medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma, and parathyroid disease, with subtypes MEN2A, MEN2B, and FMTC.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 4 (MEN4), also called MENX or CDKN1B-related MEN, is a rare autosomal dominant endocrine tumor syndrome caused by germline CDKN1B (p27) mutations, resembling MEN1 but milder and later onset.
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia, also known as Fairbank's disease, is a genetic disorder of cartilage and bone development that causes joint pain, restricted movement, and early arthritis.
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 1
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 1 (MED1, EDM1) is an autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by COMP gene mutations at 19p13.1, allelic to pseudoachondroplasia, causing childhood hip and knee pain, waddling gait, mild short stature, and early-onset osteoarthritis.
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 4
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 4 (rMED, EDM4, SLC26A2-MED, OMIM 226900): an autosomal recessive skeletal dysplasia caused by SLC26A2 sulfate transporter variants, with late-childhood joint pain, double-layered patella, clubfoot, scoliosis, and mildly reduced adult height.
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 5
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 5 (EDM5, MED5, BHMED), a rare autosomal dominant skeletal dysplasia caused by MATN3 mutations at 2p23-24, featuring childhood-onset hip and knee pain, epiphyseal irregularities, precocious osteoarthritis, and normal stature.
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 7
Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia type 7, also known as EDM7, is a rare autosomal recessive skeletal disorder caused by CANT1 gene variants, causing mild short stature and early-onset osteoarthritis.
Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome
Multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS) is a rare, acute, usually unilateral, self-limiting outer retinal inflammatory disease of young women, first described by Jampol in 1984, diagnosed by ICGA/FAF/OCT imaging and resolving within weeks.
Multiple exciton generation
Multiple exciton generation (MEG), also called carrier multiplication, is a process in which one absorbed high-energy photon creates two or more electron-hole pairs in a semiconductor.
Multiple exposure
Multiple exposure is a photographic technique in which two or more separate exposures are recorded on one frame of film or combined digitally into a single image.
Multiple factor analysis
Multiple factor analysis (MFA) is a multivariate statistical method analyzing several groups of variables measured on the same individuals, weighting each group so no single group dominates the analysis.
Multiple gunshot suicide
Multiple gunshot suicide is a rare forensic phenomenon in which a person fires at themselves two or more times. Key studies: Hudson 1981 (58 cases, 1.6% of firearm suicides), Introna 1989 (nine cases), and ability-to-act case reports.
Multiple imputation
Multiple imputation is a statistical technique for handling missing data in which each missing value is replaced several times with plausible values, producing datasets analyzed and combined into one set of estimates.
Multiple imputation by chained equations
Multiple imputation by chained equations (MICE) is a statistical method for missing data that imputes each variable from a conditional model, producing several completed datasets.
Multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle
A multiple independently targetable reentry vehicle (MIRV) is a ballistic missile payload carrying several warheads, each aimed at a different target, first deployed by the United States in 1970.
Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, or MICS, is a UNICEF-supported household survey program gathering internationally comparable data on children's and women's health, education, and protection.
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys
Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS) is a global household survey program developed by UNICEF and conducted by national statistical offices, with 418 surveys in 123 countries by 2025.