All articles starting with M
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Mongol Guozixue (School for the Sons of the Mongol Officials)
The Mongol Guozixue (蒙古国子学) was the Yuan dynasty's capital school founded by Kublai Khan, training selected sons of Mongol, Han, and keshig officials in the Mongol script.
Mongol invasion of Champa
The Mongol invasion of Champa was a 1283 Yuan expedition under general Sogetu, who captured the capital Vijaya but failed to subdue the kingdom, withdrawing in 1284.
Mongol invasion of Europe
Mongol invasion of Europe: the 1223 Kalka raid and the Great Western Campaign of 1236–1242 under Batu Khan and Subutai, conquering Rus', Poland, and Hungary before the debated 1242 withdrawal.
Mongol invasion of Georgia
The Mongol invasion of Georgia was the Mongol Empire's two-stage conquest of the Kingdom of Georgia, by raids in 1220 to 1221 and full invasion from 1236, forcing submission by 1243.
Mongol invasion of Hungary
The Mongol invasion of Hungary, known in Hungarian as the tatárjárás, was a Mongol campaign from 1241 to 1242 that destroyed the royal army at Mohi.
Mongol invasion of India (1306)
The Mongol invasion of India in 1306 was a Chagatai raid sent by Duwa Khan and defeated by Alauddin Khalji's generals Malik Kafur and Ghazi Malik.
Mongol invasion of Java
The Mongol invasion of Java was a punitive naval expedition sent in 1292–1293 by Kublai Khan's Yuan dynasty against King Kertanegara of Singhasari, who had maimed a Yuan envoy.
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (Монгольское нашествие на Русь)
Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus' (Монгольское нашествие на Русь): Mongol conquest of the Rus' principalities, 1223 Kalka raid and 1237–1240 Batu-Subedei campaign, followed by Golden Horde tribute rule until 1480.
Mongol invasion of northeastern Rus' (1237–1238)
The Mongol invasion of northeastern Rus' (Монгольское нашествие на Северо-Восточную Русь) was Batu Khan's winter campaign of 1237–1238, which took Ryazan, Moscow, and Vladimir and killed Grand Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich.
Mongol invasion of Song Sichuan and sack of Chengdu
The Mongol invasion of Song Sichuan and sack of Chengdu (阔端攻蜀与成都之陷) was the Mongol campaign in which Köden took Chengdu in 1236, beginning five decades of war that devastated Sichuan.
Mongol invasion of the Kipchak steppe
The Mongol invasion of the Kipchak steppe was the 1220–1224 campaign in which Jebe and Subutai crushed the Kipchaks and won the Battle of the Kalka River in 1223.
Mongol invasion of the Kipchaks
The Mongol invasion of the Kipchaks was the Mongol Empire's campaign to subjugate the Kipchak, or Cuman, nomads of the Eurasian steppe, carried out from 1221 to 1242.
Mongol invasion of Tibet
The Mongol invasion of Tibet began with a confirmed campaign in 1240 and led, through a religious-political alliance with the Sakya school, to Yuan rule until the mid-14th century.
Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria
The Mongol invasion of Volga Bulgaria was a series of Mongol attacks on the Muslim state of Volga Bulgaria from 1223 to its conquest in 1236, after which it ceased to exist as an independent state.
Mongol Invasion of Western Xia (First Campaigns)
The Mongol Invasion of Western Xia (First Campaigns), or 蒙古第一次攻西夏, covers Genghis Khan's first three campaigns against Western Xia, ending in 1209 with Li Anquan buying peace through a marriage alliance.
Mongol invasions and conquests
The Mongol invasions were a series of campaigns starting in the early 13th century that created the largest contiguous empire in history, concluding with Khubilai Khan's death in 1294.
Mongol invasions of Dai Viet
The Mongol invasions of Dai Viet (Kháng chiến chống Mông-Nguyên) were three Mongol and Yuan attacks on the Vietnamese state of Dai Viet, in 1258, 1285, and 1287–88, all repelled.
Mongol invasions of India
The Mongol invasions of India were campaigns by the Mongol Empire and, after 1260, mainly the Chagatai Khanate, launched between 1221 and 1329 but never conquering the Delhi Sultanate.
Mongol invasions of Japan
Mongol invasions of Japan (Genkō, 元寇): two failed Yuan fleet attacks on Kyushu in 1274 (Bun'ei) and 1281 (Kōan) by Kublai Khan, resisted by Kamakura samurai and ended by the kamikaze typhoons.
Mongol invasions of Korea
The Mongol invasions of Korea, called the Yeomong War, were Mongol Empire campaigns against the Goryeo kingdom from 1231 to 1259, ending in Goryeo's submission.
Mongol invasions of the Caucasus
Between 1220 and the 1240s, the Mongol invasions of the Caucasus subdued the South and North Caucasus, conquering Georgia and Greater Armenia for Mongol control.
Mongol invasions of the Levant
The Mongol invasions of the Levant were a series of offensives by the Ilkhanate of Persia against Syria and Palestine, held by the Ayyubids and Mamluks, from 1260 to 1312.
Mongol Military Government
The Mongol Military Government (蒙古軍政府) was a Japanese-sponsored puppet regime in Chahar Province, China, headed by Prince Demchugdongrub from 1936 to 1937 and forerunner of Mengjiang.
Mongol sack of Aleppo and capture of Damascus
The Mongol sack of Aleppo and capture of Damascus was Hulagu Khan's conquest of Ayyubid Syria in 1259 and 1260, ending Ayyubid rule in the region.
Mongol sack of Aleppo and conquest of Syria (1260)
The Mongol sack of Aleppo (سقوط حلب) was Hulagu Khan's 1260 conquest of Ayyubid Syria, taking Aleppo and Damascus before the Mamluk victory at Ain Jalut.
Mongol sack of Baghdad
The Mongol sack of Baghdad (سقوط بغداد بيد المغول) was the siege and plunder of Baghdad, capital of the Abbasid caliphate, by Hulegu Khan's army in 1258.
Mongol sack of Lahore
The Mongol sack of Lahore (लाहौर की लूट) was the storming and destruction of Lahore by a Mongol army under Tair Bahadur, which captured the city on 22 December 1241.
Mongol sack of Zhongdu
The Mongol sack of Zhongdu (蒙古攻陷金中都) was the capture and plunder of Zhongdu, capital of the Jin dynasty at modern Beijing, by Genghis Khan's army in 1215.
Mongol ultimatum to Singhasari
The Mongol ultimatum to Singhasari (Ultimatum Mongol kepada Singhasari) was Kublai Khan's 1289 demand that Javanese king Kertanegara submit, prompting a punitive expedition in 1293.
Mongol-Oirat wars
The Mongol-Oirat wars were a long series of conflicts between the Eastern Mongols and the Oirats, fought mainly from the late 1300s into the 1600s.