All articles starting with M

Monō Gun

Monō District (桃生郡, Monō-gun) was a rural district of Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, first recorded in 771 in Mutsu Province and abolished April 1, 2005, when its seven towns merged into Ishinomaki and Higashimatsushima.

Mono Inc.

Mono Inc. is a German dark-rock band from Hamburg, founded in 2000 around vocalist Martin Engler, known for three consecutive German number-one albums between 2020 and 2025.

Mono Lake

Mono Lake is a saline, alkaline endorheic lake in eastern California's Mono Basin, remnant of Pleistocene Lake Russell; saltier than the ocean (pH 10), with tufa towers, young volcanism, and post-1941 water diversions to Los Angeles.

Mono Lake Volcanic Field

Mono Lake Volcanic Field: basalt-to-rhyolite vents in and around Mono Lake, Mono County, California, near Lee Vining. Features Black Point, Negit, Paoha Island; last activity about 300 years ago; moderate USGS threat potential.

Mono no aware (物の哀れ)

Mono no aware (物の哀れ, mono no aware) is a Japanese aesthetic concept of the moving pathos of things, theorized by Motoori Norinaga as the essence of The Tale of Genji and classical literature.

Mono silbador (Bolivia)

Mono silbador is the Bolivian Spanish name for the capuchin monkey Sapajus apella, also called martín or caí; a medium-sized, tool-using primate of Bolivian forests, Least Concern globally but Data Deficient in Bolivia.

Mono-Inyo Craters

The Mono-Inyo Craters are an 18-mile chain of rhyolite lava domes, flows, and explosion craters on the eastern flank of the Sierra Nevada in Mono County, California.

Mono-like silicon

Mono-like silicon, also called cast-mono or quasi-mono silicon, is photovoltaic silicon grown by directional solidification on monocrystalline seeds, combining mono-like efficiency with cheap multicrystalline casting.

Mono-Mac-6

Mono-Mac-6 (MM6, CVCL_1426) is a human acute monocytic leukemia cell line (AML FAB M5, t(9;11), MLL-AF9) from a 64-year-old man, used as a mature monocyte model in cytokine, pyrogen (MAT), and drug studies.

Monoamine neurotoxin

A monoamine neurotoxin is a chemical agent that selectively kills monoamine-producing neurons, used in laboratory animals to model Parkinson's disease, chiefly 6-OHDA, MPTP, rotenone, and paraquat.

Monoamine neurotransmitter

Monoamine neurotransmitters, also called biogenic monoamines or monoamines, are small-molecule chemical messengers comprising dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine, serotonin, and histamine, which regulate mood, movement, arousal, and wakefulness.

Monoamine oxidase

Monoamine oxidase (MAO-A, MAO-B), FAD-dependent outer mitochondrial membrane enzymes discovered by Mary Bernheim in 1928 as tyramine oxidase, deaminate serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine; their inhibitors were the first antidepressants and MAO-B inhibitors treat Parkinson's disease.

Monoamine oxidase A

Monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), encoded by the X-linked MAOA gene, is an outer mitochondrial membrane flavoenzyme degrading serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine; its loss causes Brunner syndrome, and its inhibitors were the first antidepressants.

Monoamine oxidase A deficiency

Monoamine oxidase A deficiency (Brunner syndrome) is a very rare X-linked recessive MAOA disorder (Xp11.3, OMIM 300615) causing childhood-onset mild intellectual disability, impulsive aggression, and sometimes violent behavior in males, with elevated urinary tyramine metabolites and reduced MHPG, HVA, VMA, and 5-HIAA.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitor

Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) are antidepressants blocking MAO-A/MAO-B, raising serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine. Pioneered by iproniazid in the 1950s; known for the tyramine 'cheese reaction' and use in treatment-resistant depression.

Monoammonium phosphate

Monoammonium phosphate (MAP), also called ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, is a phosphorus fertilizer, typically grade 11-52-0, and the active agent in ABC dry chemical fire extinguishers.

Monoamniotic twins

Monoamniotic (monochorionic monoamniotic, MCMA) twins are identical twins sharing one amniotic sac and placenta, arising from embryo splitting 9–13 days after fertilization; marked by near-universal cord entanglement, inpatient monitoring, and delivery at 32–34 weeks.

Monobenzone

Monobenzone (Benoquin, monobenzyl ether of hydroquinone) is a topical depigmenting drug, the only FDA-approved agent for final depigmentation in extensive vitiligo, approved 1952, now de-listed and obtained via compounding.

Monocalcium phosphate

Monocalcium phosphate, or calcium dihydrogen phosphate, is an acidic, water-soluble calcium phosphate, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, used as the leavening acid in baking powders and as the active part of superphosphate fertilizers.

Monocarbamide dihydrogensulphate

Monocarbamide dihydrogensulphate (urea sulfate, CAS 21351-39-3), a urea-sulfuric acid adduct herbicide/desiccant first registered 1987 as Enquik; corrosive, degrades to urea and sulfuric acid, now mainly a cotton harvest aid.

Monoceratina

Monoceratina Roth, 1928 is an extinct genus of bythocytherid ostracods from the Pennsylvanian of Oklahoma, with elongate carapaces, straight dorsal margin, caudal process, and single spine; Devonian to Miocene range.

Monoceros R2

Monoceros R2 (Mon R2) is an association of reflection nebulae and embedded young stars in the constellation Monoceros, about 2,700 light-years from the Sun and first listed by van den Bergh in 1966.

Monoceros Stream

The Monoceros Stream, also called the Monoceros Ring (MRi), is a large stellar overdensity near the Galactic plane in the direction of the Milky Way's anticenter.

Monochamus scutellatus

Monochamus scutellatus, the white-spotted sawyer (MONCST), is a North American longhorn beetle whose larvae bore in felled and dying conifers, damaging sawlogs and vectoring pine wood nematode.

Monochloramine

Monochloramine (NH₂Cl), also called chloramide, is an inorganic chloramine disinfectant formed when ammonia is added to chlorine-treated water, used to maintain a lasting antimicrobial residual in drinking water pipes.

Monochloroacetic acid

Monochloroacetic acid (MCA), also called chloroacetic acid or MCAA, is a colorless crystalline haloacetic acid made by chlorinating acetic acid and used mainly to make carboxymethyl cellulose and herbicides.

Monochorionic twins

Monochorionic twins are twins who share a single placenta, arising when one fertilized egg divides several days after fertilization; they face shared-circulation complications and need intensive ultrasound surveillance.

Oct 22, 2026

Monochromated aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy

Monochromated aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy is a class of (scanning) transmission electron microscopy in which a monochromator narrows the beam's energy spread and aberration correctors enable atomic-scale imaging with millielectronvolt spectroscopy.

Monochrome

Monochrome in art: painting in a single color, from grisaille underpainting and Haarlem landscapes to Malevich's 1915 Suprematist monochromes, Rodchenko's 1921 canvases, Yves Klein's blue epoch, Dansaekhwa, and modern conservation challenges.