All articles starting with N
16,460 articles
National Institutes of Health
National Institutes of Health (NIH), U.S. federal medical research agency under HHS, founded 1887 as the Hygienic Laboratory; 27 Institutes and Centers in Bethesda, Maryland, with a nearly $48 billion budget, about 82 percent awarded as extramural grants.
National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
The National Institutes of Health Clinical Center is the research hospital of the US National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland, opened in 1953 and described as the world's largest hospital dedicated solely to clinical research.
National Institutes of Health Office of Science Policy
NIH Office of Science Policy (OSP), within the NIH Director's Immediate Office, develops biomedical research policy and administers the NIH Guidelines for recombinant and synthetic nucleic acid research, IBC oversight, NExTRAC, NSABB, and the 2025 Biosafety Modernization Initiative.
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale
The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is a 15-item, 0–42 point clinical exam measuring stroke severity, used for treatment decisions, prognostication, and trials; variants include mNIHSS, sNIHSS-4, and sNIHSS-EMS.
National Institutes of Technology
National Institutes of Technology (NITs): 31 Indian public engineering institutes of national importance under the NIT Act 2007, formerly Regional Engineering Colleges, admitting via JEE Main with 50% home-state quota.
National Institutional Ranking Framework (राष्ट्रीय संस्थागत रैंकिंग फ्रेमवर्क)
National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF, राष्ट्रीय संस्थागत रैंकिंग फ्रेमवर्क): India's Ministry of Education framework, launched 29 September 2015, producing annual India Rankings of higher education institutions on five weighted parameters, distinct from private rankings like IIRF.
National Instrument 51-101
National Instrument 51-101 (NI 51-101) is a Canadian Securities Administrators rule, titled Standards of Disclosure for Oil and Gas Activities, in effect since September 30, 2003.
National Instruments
National Instruments Corporation, founded in Austin, Texas in 1976, supplied measurement and automation products, most notably the LabVIEW graphical programming environment and the PXI platform.
National Insurance
National Insurance is the United Kingdom's contributory tax on earnings and self-employment profits, funding the State Pension and other benefits; it is the UK's second-largest revenue source.
National Insurance number
A National Insurance number (NINO) is a unique personal account number used throughout life in the United Kingdom to record National Insurance contributions and tax, with format QQ123456B.
National Intelligence Bureau (Japan)
National Intelligence Bureau (国家情報局, NIB), Japan's central intelligence organization launched July 31, 2026 by upgrading CIRO, with about 730 staff under the prime-minister-chaired National Intelligence Council; first director Kazuya Hara.
National Intelligence Directorate
The National Intelligence Directorate (Dirección de Inteligencia Nacional, DINA) was the secret political police of Chile's military dictatorship, directed by Manuel Contreras under Augusto Pinochet from 1974 to 1977.
National Intelligence Service (South Korea)
National Intelligence Service (국가정보원, NIS), South Korea's chief intelligence agency reporting to the president; formerly KCIA (1961–1981) and ANSP (1981–1999); handles North Korea, counterintelligence, counterterrorism, cybersecurity, and reform controversies.
National interest
National interest: the aspirations and goals sovereign states pursue internationally, also called raison d'état. Defined through four basic interests (defense, economy, world order, ideology) and contested as analytic tool versus political rhetoric.
National Inventory of Dams
The National Inventory of Dams (NID) is a database documenting over 90,000 dams in the United States, maintained by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers since 1975.
National Investigation Agency
National Investigation Agency (NIA), India's central counter-terrorism investigation agency under the NIA Act 2008, created after the 26/11 Mumbai attacks; investigates scheduled offences nationwide, expanded by the 2019 amendment to extraterritorial, cyber, trafficking, and counterfeit currency cases.
National Invitation Tournament
National Invitation Tournament (NIT), annual NCAA Division I men's postseason basketball tournament, first held 1938 with Temple winning at Madison Square Garden; NCAA-owned since 2005, 24 teams from 2027.
National Iranian Oil
National Iranian Oil Company is the state-owned oil enterprise of Iran, created in 1951 to nationalize the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company's assets and now a target of US sanctions.
National Jazz Museum in Harlem
The National Jazz Museum in Harlem is a Smithsonian-affiliated museum in New York City founded in 1997, known for the Savory Collection of live jazz recordings.
National Judicial Appointments Commission
The National Judicial Appointments Commission (NJAC) was a proposed six-member Indian body for appointing Supreme Court and High Court judges, struck down by the Supreme Court in 2015.
National Junior College Athletic Association
National Junior College Athletic Association (NJCAA), US governing body for two-year college athletics, founded 1938/1939; 500+ schools, 60,000 athletes, 28 sports, Divisions I-III, no eligibility center.
National Kan Daw Gyee Botanical Garden
National Kan Daw Gyee Botanical Garden (National Kandawgyi Gardens, ကန်တော်ကြီး အမျိုးသား ရုက္ခဗေဒ ဥယျာဉ်), Myanmar's botanical garden at Pyin Oo Lwin, founded 1915, Kew-inspired, 177 hectares, ex-situ conservation of 38 threatened plant species.
National Knowledge Commission
National Knowledge Commission (NKC), Indian advisory body constituted 2005 under Sam Pitroda to advise the Prime Minister on knowledge institutions; issued about 300 recommendations on 27 subjects (2006-2009) and proposed the National Knowledge Network.
National Knowledge Network
The National Knowledge Network (NKN) is India's multi-gigabit research and education network, operated by the National Informatics Centre and connecting over 1,800 universities, research laboratories, and government institutions for collaborative research.
National Labor Relations Act
The National Labor Relations Act, or Wagner Act, is the 1935 United States statute guaranteeing private-sector workers the right to organize unions and bargain collectively.
National Labor Relations Board
The National Labor Relations Board is a US federal agency, created in 1935, that conducts union representation elections and adjudicates unfair labor practice charges against employers and unions.
National Lacrosse League
National Lacrosse League (NLL), also Eagle Pro Box Lacrosse League and Major Indoor Lacrosse League, professional box lacrosse league founded 1986 by Russ Cline and Chris Fritz; 12 clubs for 2026-27, Buffalo Bandits hold seven titles.
National Lampoon (magazine)
National Lampoon (magazine) was an American monthly humor magazine published in New York from 1970 to 1998, founded by Doug Kenney, Henry Beard, and Robert Hoffman.
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation (1989) is the third Griswold family comedy, directed by Jeremiah S. Chechik and written by John Hughes from his story "Christmas '59." Chevy Chase's Clark seeks a perfect Christmas; it grossed $71.3 million domestically and became a holiday staple.
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation 2
National Lampoon's Christmas Vacation 2: Cousin Eddie's Island Adventure is a 2003 NBC made-for-TV comedy, the only Vacation film without Chevy Chase and Beverly D'Angelo, starring Randy Quaid as Cousin Eddie shipwrecked in the South Pacific.