All articles starting with P
28,818 articles
Parasomnia (album)
Parasomnia is Dream Theater's sixteenth studio album, released February 7, 2025 on InsideOut Music. Its first album with founding drummer Mike Portnoy since 2009, it is a concept work about sleep disorders across eight tracks and 71 minutes.
Paraspeckle
Paraspeckles are mammalian nuclear bodies built on the NEAT1 long noncoding RNA and DBHS proteins SFPQ, NONO, and PSPC1; discovered in 2002, they regulate gene expression by RNA retention and protein sequestration, and are stress-responsive condensates linked to cancer and ALS.
Paraspinal arteriovenous malformation
Paraspinal arteriovenous malformation (paraspinal arteriovenous shunt, PAVS): a rare artery-vein shunt outside the spinal canal, classified by the Stuttgart scheme as isolated or genetically associated, usually treated by endovascular embolization.
Paraspinal neuroblastoma
Paraspinal neuroblastoma: neuroblastoma arising in sympathetic ganglia alongside the spine from neck to pelvis, prone to dumbbell intraspinal extension, cord compression, and emergent chemotherapy.
Parasports
Parasports: competitive sports adapted for athletes with disabilities, governed by the IPC since 1989. Originated at the 1948 Stoke Mandeville Games; Paralympic Games since Rome 1960; distinct from Special Olympics and Deaflympics.
Parasteatoda tepidariorum
Parasteatoda tepidariorum, the common house spider, is a cobweb-weaving spider native to Asia that lives in buildings worldwide and serves as an evo-devo model organism.
Parastomal hernia
Parastomal hernia (PSH): an incisional hernia at a colostomy, ileostomy, or ileal conduit stoma site; incidence 28–48%, risk factors include BMI, age, female sex, aperture size; mesh repair preferred over suture repair.
Parastomal hernia repair
Parastomal hernia repair is a surgical procedure correcting herniation of abdominal contents through the fascial defect around an intestinal stoma, most often with mesh reinforcement, performed open, laparoscopically, or robotically.
Parastoo Ahmadi (پرستو احمدی)
Parastoo Ahmadi (پرستو احمدی), Iranian singer born 1997 in Nowshahr, performed the 2024 hijab-free Caravanserai Concert live-streamed from Deir-e Gachin; in 2026 a Qom court sentenced her and eight collaborators to 74 lashes each.
Parasurameswara Temple
Parasurameswara Temple, also spelled Parsurameswar, is a 7th-century Shiva temple in Bhubaneswar, Odisha, built around 650 CE and known for its lively early Kalinga carvings.
Parasympathectomy
Parasympathectomy is surgical removal or interruption of part of the parasympathetic nervous system, chiefly vagotomy for peptic ulcer (truncal, selective, highly selective), introduced by Dragstedt in 1943 and now largely superseded by drug therapy.
Parasympathetic nervous system
Parasympathetic nervous system, the craniosacral division of the autonomic nervous system coined by Langley. Outflow via cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X and S2–S4; long preganglionic fibers, acetylcholine, ganglia near target organs, rest-and-digest function.
Parasympathetic neuron
Parasympathetic neuron: cholinergic motor neuron of the parasympathetic (craniosacral) autonomic division; preganglionic cells in brainstem nuclei and S2–S4, postganglionic cells in ganglia near target organs, vagus carrying 75% of fibers.
Parasyte (寄生獣)
Parasyte (寄生獣, Kiseijū) is Hitoshi Iwaaki's science-fiction horror manga serialized in Kodansha's Afternoon from 1988 to 1995 in 10 volumes, about Shinichi Izumi and the right-hand parasite Migi; it won the 1993 Kodansha Manga Award and 1996 Seiun Award and inspired a Madhouse anime, live-action films, and Netflix's Parasyte: The Grey.
Parasyte Part 2 (寄生獣 完結編)
Parasyte Part 2 (寄生獣 完結編, Kiseiju Kanketsuhen) is the 2015 Toho live-action sequel directed by Takashi Yamazaki, concluding the two-part adaptation of Hitoshi Iwaaki's manga with Shota Sometani as Shinichi Izumi.
Parasyte: Part 1 (寄生獣)
Parasyte: Part 1 (寄生獣) is a 2014 Japanese live-action SF film directed by Takashi Yamazaki, adapting Hitoshi Iwaaki's manga; Shota Sometani stars as Shinichi Izumi with Sadao Abe voicing Migi. Released by Toho on 29 November 2014, 109 minutes, first of a two-part adaptation.
Parasyte: The Grey (기생수: 더 그레이)
Parasyte: The Grey (기생수: 더 그레이) is a 2024 six-episode Netflix Korean sci-fi horror series directed by Yeon Sang-ho, a spin-off of Hitoshi Iwaaki's manga Parasyte set in Korea, starring Jeon So-nee as Su-in coexisting with the parasite Heidi.
Parata Air
Parata Air, formerly Fly Gangwon, is a South Korean low-cost airline based in Yangyang, relaunched in 2025 by appliance maker Winix as a hybrid carrier.
Paratesticular adenocarcinoma
Paratesticular adenocarcinoma (adenocarcinoma of the paratestis, ORPHA:363478) is a rare gland-forming epithelial cancer of tissues around the testis, presenting as a scrotal mass or hydrocele; primary forms are extremely rare with poor prognosis, while metastatic forms arise from prostate, kidney, gastrointestinal tract, lung, or breast.
Paratethys
Paratethys was a vast shallow epicontinental sea that covered Eurasia's southern margin from about 33 million years ago into the Pliocene, leaving the Black, Caspian, and Aral seas.
Paratha (पराठा)
Paratha (पराठा), also parantha or porota, is a South Asian unleavened layered whole-wheat flatbread pan-fried in ghee, often stuffed with potato, cauliflower, or dal; eaten across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the diaspora, and now widely sold frozen.
Parathion
Parathion, also known as ethyl parathion or E 605, is a highly toxic organophosphate insecticide developed by Gerhard Schrader at Bayer in 1944 and banned in the United States by 2003.
Parathyroid carcinoma
Parathyroid carcinoma is a rare cancer of the parathyroid glands, the neck glands that regulate calcium. Surgery is the only effective treatment, but 40% to 60% of patients recur.
Parathyroid gland
Parathyroid glands: four (3–8) pea-sized endocrine glands on the thyroid that secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) to regulate blood calcium; discovered by Sandström 1880; disorders include hyperparathyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, rare parathyroid cancer.
Parathyroid hormone
Parathyroid hormone (PTH), an 84-amino acid peptide from the parathyroid chief cells, regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis via PTH1R; intermittent dosing (teriparatide, abaloparatide) treats osteoporosis, unlike continuous hyperparathyroid resorption.
Parathyroid hormone-related protein
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP, PTHLH gene) is a PTH-like peptide sharing the PTH1R receptor; it drives humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy and regulates development, calcium transport, and cell growth locally.
Parathyroidectomy
Parathyroidectomy is the surgical removal of one or more parathyroid glands to treat hyperparathyroidism, the only definitive treatment for primary disease, curing over 99% of cases in randomized trials.
Paratirolites
Paratirolites is an extinct Late Permian (Changhsingian) ceratitid ammonoid genus erected by Stoyanow in 1910, type species P. kittli, namesake of the Paratirolites Limestone of Julfa, Iran, and marker of the final ammonoid faunas before the end-Permian extinction.
Paratomy
Paratomy: asexual reproduction in which new body structures form in a fission zone before an animal splits into zooids, unlike architomy; seen in naidid annelids, flatworms, and acorn worms.
Paratransgenesis
Paratransgenesis: genetically engineered insect symbionts (bacteria, fungi, viruses) expressing anti-pathogen effectors inside disease vectors. Began 1990s with Rhodococcus rhodnii in Rhodnius prolixus; now targets Plasmodium in mosquitoes; still laboratory proof-of-concept.