All articles starting with P
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Pareto analysis
Pareto analysis is a decision-making method that ranks problems by frequency or size so effort concentrates on the few causes behind most of the effect, summarized as the 80/20 rule.
Pareto chart
A Pareto chart, or Pareto diagram, is a bar graph ranking causes by frequency or cost, used in quality management as one of the seven basic quality tools.
Pareto distribution
The Pareto distribution, also known as the Bradford distribution, is a heavy-tailed power-law probability distribution derived by Vilfredo Pareto from 1890s income data, underlying the 80/20 rule.
Pareto efficiency
Pareto efficiency, or Pareto optimality, is a concept in welfare economics: an allocation of resources where no one can be made better off without making someone else worse off.
Pareto front
The Pareto front, also called the Pareto frontier or Pareto curve, is the set of Pareto optimal solutions showing the best tradeoffs among conflicting objectives in multi-objective optimization.
Pareto principle
Pareto principle, or 80/20 rule and law of the vital few: rule of thumb that roughly 80% of effects come from 20% of causes, drawn from Vilfredo Pareto's wealth observations and named and generalized by Joseph Juran for quality management.
Parevi Sandesha
Parevi Sandesha (Parevi Sandeshaya, "The Pigeon's Message") is a classical Sinhala sandesha kavya of the Kotte period attributed to the monk-poet Thotagamuwe Sri Rahula Thera.
Parex Resources
Parex Resources is a Canadian oil and gas company focused on Colombia, headquartered in Calgary and founded in 2009 as a spin-off from Petro Andina Resources.
Parfait
Parfait: a dessert with two main meanings. The French parfait is a frozen sugar-syrup, egg-yolk, and whipped-cream dessert; the American parfait is a layered yogurt, fruit, and granola cup; Japan developed tall layered fruit parfaits.
Parfleche
A parfleche is a painted rawhide container made by Plains and Plateau Indigenous women to store food, clothing, and ceremonial belongings; the name is French for "to parry an arrow."
ParFlow
ParFlow (PARallel FLOW) is an open-source, parallel, integrated hydrology model that simulates surface and subsurface water flow with land surface processes, initiated at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the mid-1990s.
PARG
PARG (Պարգ) is the stage name of Pargev Vardanian, an Armenian singer-songwriter blending indie-folk, R&B, pop, and rock with traditional Armenian elements, who represented Armenia at Eurovision 2025 with "SURVIVOR", finishing 20th in the grand final.
Parga Chasmata
Parga Chasmata, a 10,000-11,000 km discontinuous rift system on Venus connecting Atla and Themis Regiones, largest named chasma, IAU named 1982, marked by coronae and triple-junction rifting.
Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha
Pargalı Ibrahim Pasha (c. 1493 Parga – 15 March 1536 Istanbul), also called Frenk, Makbul and Maktul, was grand vizier of Suleiman I from 1523 to 1536, commanded at Mohács and Vienna, signed the French capitulations, and was strangled at Topkapı.
Pārgaujas Novads
Pārgaujas Novads, a former Latvian municipality in central Vidzeme created in 2009 from Straupe, Raiskums, and Stalbe parishes, centered on Stalbe, 485.3 km², merged into Cēsu novads on 1 July 2021.
Pargyline
Pargyline, sold as Eutonyl, is an irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor first approved in 1963 for hypertension despite antidepressant activity, and it is no longer marketed in the United States.
Pari (2018 Indian film)
Pari (परी; Pari: Not a Fairytale) is a 2018 Hindi supernatural horror film directed by Prosit Roy, starring Anushka Sharma as Rukhsana, daughter of an ifrit spirit. Released 2 March 2018; distinct from the unrelated 2018 Pakistani film of the same name.
Parī (پری)
Parī (پری, peri) is the fairy of Persian and Islamic folklore, descended from the malevolent Avestan pairikā sorceress and transformed after Islam into a beautiful, winged, benevolent being paired with the jinn, celebrated in the Shahnameh, romances, and folklore from Iran to Central Asia.
Pari Khan Khanum
Pari Khan Khanum (پریخان خانم) was a Safavid princess, daughter of Shah Tahmasp I, who became the most powerful woman at the Iranian court before her murder in 1578.
Pariah
Pariah (2011) is Dee Rees's debut feature drama about Alike, a 17-year-old Black lesbian teenager in Brooklyn, developed from her 2007 short, released by Focus Features, and added to the Criterion Collection.
Pariah state
Pariah state: label for a nation under systematic diplomatic, economic, and military isolation for condemned behavior, with no legal definition. Classic case apartheid South Africa; recent examples North Korea, Iran, Myanmar.
Parias
Parias (بريات) were tributes paid by one medieval Iberian ruler to another in recognition of superior status, most famously by Muslim taifa kings to Christian kings in exchange for protection.
Paricalcitol
Paricalcitol (Zemplar) is a synthetic 19-nor vitamin D2 analog of calcitriol that binds the vitamin D receptor to suppress PTH, FDA-approved since 1998 for secondary hyperparathyroidism in CKD stages 3-5, adults and children 10+.
Paricatikta guggulu
Paricatikta guggulu, commonly written Panchatikta Guggulu, is an Ayurvedic pill combining purified guggulu resin with five bitter herbs, traditionally used for skin diseases and joint disorders and studied in osteoarthritis and eczema.
Parichay (परिचय)
Parichay (परिचय) is a 1972 Hindi family musical directed by Gulzar, starring Jeetendra, Jaya Bhaduri, and Pran, with R.D. Burman music; based on Rangeen Uttarain and inspired by The Sound of Music.
Parichha power station
Parichha Thermal Power Station is a coal-fired power station in Jhansi district, Uttar Pradesh, India, run by UPRVUNL with a usable capacity of 920 MW.
Parícutin
Parícutin is a volcano in Michoacán, Mexico, that erupted from 1943 to 1952 after being born in a farmer's cornfield, and no one died directly from it.
Parietal cell
Parietal cells, also called oxyntic cells, are stomach epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid, lowering gastric pH to 0.8, and intrinsic factor for vitamin B12 absorption.
Parietal eye
Parietal eye (third eye, pineal eye): a photoreceptive median organ of the epithalamus on top of the head in tuatara, most lizards, frogs, some fish, and lampreys; absent in mammals; regulates thermoregulation and daily light timing.
Parietal lobe
The parietal lobe, bounded by the central and parieto-occipital sulci, contains primary somatosensory cortex and posterior association areas for spatial attention, reaching, language, and number; damage causes neglect, apraxia, Gerstmann and Bálint syndromes.