All articles starting with P
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Parliament Square
Parliament Square, Westminster, London: garden square opposite the Palace of Westminster, laid out 1868 in Barry's scheme, redesigned 1948, with statues of Churchill, Mandela, Gandhi, and Fawcett, and special protest legislation.
Parliament-Funkadelic
Parliament-Funkadelic (P-Funk) is George Clinton's funk collective of two bands, Parliament and Funkadelic, sharing one lineup and different labels; 22 albums 1970-1981, Mothership stage shows, 1997 Rock and Roll Hall of Fame inductees.
Parliamentarian of the United States Senate
Parliamentarian of the United States Senate: the Senate's nonpartisan adviser on rules and precedents, created July 1, 1935 with Charles Watkins; current holder Elizabeth MacDonough, appointed 2012, enforces the Byrd Rule in reconciliation.
Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe
PACE, the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (Consultative Assembly until 1974), is the 306-member deliberative organ of the 46-state Council of Europe, founded 1949, electing ECHR judges and monitoring member states.
Parliamentary privilege
Parliamentary privilege: the legal immunities of Westminster-style legislatures, their members, and officers, centered on article 9 of the Bill of Rights 1689 and exclusive cognisance, protecting speech in proceedings but not criminal conduct.
Parliamentary procedure
Parliamentary procedure, also called rules of order, is the framework of rules, precedents, and customs governing deliberative assemblies. Key elements: standing orders, motions, points of order, and chair's rulings; Robert's Rules of Order is the leading manual for private bodies.
Parliamentary republic
Parliamentary republic: a republic where a president is head of state while a prime minister's government holds parliamentary confidence and can fall to a no-confidence vote; examples include Germany, Italy, India, and Ireland.
Parliamentary republics with an executive presidency
A parliamentary republic with an executive presidency elects its head of state and head of government, titled president, from the legislature; South Africa and Botswana are the main examples, with parliamentary election, no-confidence removal, and Cabinet accountability.
Parliamentary sovereignty
Parliamentary sovereignty, or parliamentary supremacy, is the constitutional doctrine that a legislature, notably the UK Parliament, may make or unmake any law and cannot be overridden by courts, with qualifications from the Human Rights Act 1998, devolution, and Commonwealth constitutions.
Parliamentary system
Parliamentary system: a democratic regime in which the prime minister and cabinet hold office by commanding the legislature's confidence and can be removed by a no-confidence vote or premature dissolution; the Westminster model is the classic example.
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011
Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 (c. 1), UK statute of 16 February 2011 providing the 5 May 2011 Alternative Vote referendum and 600-seat, 5 percent-tolerance constituency rules; AV rejected, rules later replaced by the 2020 Act.
Parloa
Parloa is a Berlin technology company, founded in 2018 by Malte Kosub and Stefan Ostwald, that builds AI agents for enterprise customer service and was valued at $3 billion in 2026.
Parlophone
Parlophone is a British record label founded in Germany by Carl Lindström as Parlophon, acquired by Columbia in 1926, part of EMI from 1931, and bought by Warner Music Group in 2013 for £487 million as the Parlophone Label Group.
Parlour
A parlour, American spelling parlor, is a room for conversation and receiving visitors, from monasteries to the Victorian best room, now mostly the living room.
Parma
Parma, city in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, on the Parma stream and Via Emilia; Roman colony founded 183 BC, seat of the Farnese duchy from 1545, home of Parma ham, Parmigiano Reggiano, the Teatro Regio, and the University of Parma.
Parma Calcio 1913
Parma Calcio 1913, also Parma FC, is a Serie A football club from Parma, Italy, founded 16 December 1913. Refounded in 2015 after bankruptcy, owned 99% by Krause Group, honors include two UEFA Cups and three Coppa Italia.
Parma Corona
Parma Corona, a 110-km-diameter corona (rimmed-depression volcano-tectonic feature) on Venus at 44.5N 17.5E in Bereghinya Planitia; IAU-named 2003 for a Komi wilderness goddess; interacts with Bayara Vallis flows.
Parmalat
Parmalat: Italian dairy company founded 1961 by Calisto Tanzi at Collecchio; world UHT milk leader until its December 2003 accounting fraud collapse (€3.95 billion forged Bank of America document), now Lactalis's fluid-milk brand since 2011.
Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran
Parmanu: The Story of Pokhran (परमाणु) is a 2018 Hindi film by Abhishek Sharma starring John Abraham, dramatizing India's 1998 Pokhran-II nuclear tests, Operation Shakti, with mixed reviews and ₹91.17 crore worldwide gross.
Parmar Jashvantsinh Salamsinh
Parmar Jashvantsinh Salamsinh is an Indian Bharatiya Janata Party politician and former general surgeon from Godhra, Gujarat, who has represented the state in the Rajya Sabha since 2024.
parmbsc1
parmbsc1 is an AMBER-family empirical force field for atomistic molecular dynamics simulations of DNA, published in Nature Methods in 2016 by Modesto Orozco and colleagues.
Parmeet Sethi
Parmeet Sethi (born 1961, Punjab) is an Indian actor, writer and director, also known as Archana Puran Singh's husband. Debut as Kuljeet in DDLJ (1995); directed Badmaash Company (2010); roles in Lakshya, Mission Majnu, Special OPS.
Parmehutu
Parmehutu, the Party of the Hutu Emancipation Movement, was a Rwandan political party founded by Grégoire Kayibanda that governed Rwanda from independence in 1962 until its 1973 overthrow.
Parmelia sulcata
Parmelia sulcata, netted or hammered shield lichen (Taylor 1836), a common foliose Parmeliaceae lichen with net-like white pseudocyphellae, used widely as a heavy-metal air-pollution biomonitor and source of salazinic acid.
Parmeliaceae
Parmeliaceae, the shield lichen family (Zenker, 1827), is the largest family of lichen-forming fungi, with about 2,700-2,800 species in 77-79 genera including Parmelia, Usnea, and Xanthoparmelia; monophyletic, widely used as air-pollution bioindicators.
Parmenides (dialogue)
Plato's Parmenides (Παρμενίδης) is a dialogue in which the Eleatic Parmenides questions young Socrates on the theory of forms and demonstrates eight deductions on the one (137c–166c); its Third Man argument, dramatic date of 450 BC, and Neoplatonist reception distinguish it from Plato's other works.
Parmenides (Παρμενίδης)
Parmenides (Παρμενίδης) of Elea, Presocratic Greek philosopher of the early fifth century BCE, founder of the Eleatic school, author of a hexameter poem on What Is as ungenerated, motionless, and whole, influencing Zeno, Plato, and Aristotle.
Parmesan
Parmesan, the English name for Parmigiano Reggiano, a hard raw-milk Italian grana cheese with PDO status since 1996, made in Parma, Reggio Emilia, Modena, Bologna, and Mantua; aged at least 12 months, 30 kg wheels, 550 L milk each.
Parmigiana
Parmigiana, best known as parmigiana di melanzane, is a southern Italian baked dish of layered fried eggplant with tomato sauce, Parmigiano, and often mozzarella; first documented in 1733 with zucchini, its origin is disputed and its name likely not from Parma.
Parmigianino
Parmigianino (Girolamo Francesco Maria Mazzola, 1503 to 1540) was an Italian painter and etcher from Parma, a leading originator of Mannerism known for the unfinished Madonna of the Long Neck.