All articles starting with P

Paroo River Wetlands

Paroo River Wetlands: Ramsar site no. 1716 in far north-west NSW, Australia's 65th Ramsar site (2007), 138,304 ha on the Murray-Darling Basin's last free-flowing river, with over 20,000 waterbirds, artesian mound springs, and Budjiti and Baakandji cultural values.

Paropamisadae (Παροπαμισάδαι)

Paropamisadae (Greek: Παροπαμισάδαι) is the Greek and Roman name for a people and district of ancient Afghanistan in the Hindu Kush, and for the satrapy Alexander founded there.

Paropamisus Mountains

The Paropamisus Mountains, also called Safed Koh, are a range in northwestern Afghanistan, extending about 300 miles from the western Hindu Kush along the Hari River past Herat.

Parophrys vetulus

Parophrys vetulus, the English sole, is a righteye flounder of the eastern North Pacific from the Bering Sea to Baja California, a commercially trawled flatfish and a Puget Sound contaminant indicator species.

Paros (settlement)

Paros (settlement): the ancient town at Paroikia on Paros, Cyclades, from the Neolithic Saliagos village through the Mycenaean Koukounaries citadel, the Parian polis of Archilochus with colonies Parion and Pharos, to its Early Byzantine amphora-producing heyday.

Paros (Πάρος)

Paros (Πάρος), Greek island in the central Cyclades, third largest of the group, capital Parikia. Famous for translucent Parian marble quarried at Marathi, ancient colonies Thasos, Parion and Pharos, the Katapoliani basilica, and mass tourism with about 789,000 port arrivals in 2025.

Parosmia

Parosmia (ICD-11 MB41.1) is a distorted perception of smell in the presence of an odor, common after COVID-19; distinguished from phantosmia; treated mainly with olfactory training.

Parotid gland

Parotid gland: largest of the three paired major salivary glands, in the retromandibular fossa; serous saliva via Stensen duct; facial nerve traverses it; site of 80% of salivary tumors.

Sep 29, 2026

Parotidectomy

Parotidectomy is the partial or complete surgical removal of the parotid gland, the largest salivary gland, performed mainly for tumors while preserving the facial nerve.

Parotitis

Parotitis: inflammation of the parotid salivary gland, caused by mumps and other viruses, bacterial ascending infection, stones, autoimmune disease, or drugs; mumps parotitis lasts 3–7 days, MMR is 86% effective at two doses.

Parov Stelar

Parov Stelar is the stage name of Marcus Füreder (born 1974, Linz), Austrian electro swing pioneer, Etage Noir Recordings founder, KissKiss/Rough Cuts breakthrough, The Princess chart hit, over 1,000 live shows.

Paroxetine

Paroxetine (Paxil, Seroxat) is an SSRI antidepressant first FDA-approved December 29, 1992 for depression, later for OCD, panic, social anxiety, GAD, and PTSD in adults; a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor with notable discontinuation and pregnancy cardiac-anomaly concerns.

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation

Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (pAF, paroxysmal AFib): self-terminating AF episodes under 7 days, about half of AF cases, driven mainly by pulmonary vein triggers, progressing to persistent AF in about a third of patients within 10 years.

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH, Donath-Landsteiner syndrome) is a rare autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by a biphasic IgG anti-P antibody that lyses red cells on rewarming, mainly in children after viral infection.

Paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia

Paroxysmal exertion-induced dyskinesia (PED, DYT18, GLUT1 deficiency syndrome 2) is a rare autosomal dominant dyskinesia triggered by prolonged exercise, often caused by SLC2A1 mutations and treated by trigger avoidance and ketogenic diet.

Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder

Paroxysmal extreme pain disorder, formerly familial rectal pain syndrome, is a rare inherited condition causing attacks of severe pain with skin flushing due to SCN9A mutations.

Paroxysmal hemicrania

Paroxysmal hemicrania, also called chronic paroxysmal hemicrania (CPH), is a rare trigeminal autonomic cephalalgia: unilateral 2–30 minute headache attacks over 5 times daily with ipsilateral autonomic signs, absolutely responsive to indomethacin.

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD) is a rare movement disorder with brief attacks of chorea or dystonia triggered by sudden voluntary movement. Mainly caused by PRRT2 gene mutations; responds to carbamazepine.

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea (PND), also called paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, is sudden breathlessness waking a person from sleep, relieved by sitting up; a typical symptom of left heart failure and a Framingham major criterion.

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare acquired clonal blood disorder caused by PIGA mutations that remove GPI-anchored CD55/CD59, causing complement-mediated hemolysis and thrombosis, treated with complement inhibitors such as eculizumab and ravulizumab.

Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia

Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic dyskinesia (PNKD), historically Mount-Reback syndrome, is a rare inherited neurological disorder causing dystonic attacks triggered by alcohol, caffeine, stress, or fatigue, lasting minutes to hours.

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is a regular, rapid heart rhythm of abrupt onset and termination, mostly AVNRT or AVRT; treated acutely with vagal maneuvers and adenosine, and cured by catheter ablation in 94-98% of cases.

Paroxysmal tachycardia

Paroxysmal tachycardia: abnormally rapid heartbeats with sudden onset and cessation (ICD-11 MC81.3, ICD-10 I47). Covers PSVT, mainly AVNRT; treated with vagal maneuvers, adenosine, and newly approved intranasal etripamil.

PARP inhibitor

A PARP inhibitor, also called a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, blocks PARP, an enzyme that repairs damaged DNA, and is used to treat BRCA-mutated ovarian, breast, pancreatic, and prostate cancers.

PARP1

PARP1 (poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, ADPRT, ARTD1), gene at 1q42.12, is a chromatin-associated human enzyme that poly(ADP-ribosyl)ates nuclear proteins from NAD+ after binding DNA breaks, coordinating DNA repair, chromatin, and transcription; PARP inhibitors like olaparib exploit synthetic lethality in BRCA-mutant cancers.

PARP2

PARP2 (ARTD2, ADPRTL2) is a human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activated by DNA strand breaks, preferentially 5′-phosphate breaks, acting in base excision repair, double-strand break repair, and replication, and co-inhibited by clinical PARP inhibitors.

Parque das Aves

Parque das Aves (Bird Park) is a private bird park and conservation center in Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, founded by Dennis and Anna Croukamp in 1994 beside Iguaçu National Park; the largest bird park in Latin America, focused on Atlantic Forest species.

Parque del Buen Retiro, Madrid

Parque del Buen Retiro (El Retiro), Madrid's ~120-hectare former royal garden created for Philip IV in the 17th century, a municipal public park since 1868, home of the Crystal Palace and Alfonso XII monument, UNESCO-listed in 2021.

Sep 19, 2026

Parque Fundidora

Parque Fundidora is a 144-hectare public park and event complex in Monterrey, Mexico, built on the site of the Fundidora steel foundry and reopened as a park in 2001.