All articles starting with P
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Perioral myoclonia with absences
Perioral myoclonia with absences (PMA/POMA) is a rare idiopathic generalized epilepsy syndrome, first described by Panayiotopoulos in 1994, in which absence seizures are accompanied by rhythmic mouth-muscle jerks, tonic-clonic seizures, absence status, and drug resistance; not yet ILAE-recognized.
Periorbital cellulitis
Periorbital (preseptal) cellulitis: bacterial infection of the eyelid and surrounding skin anterior to the orbital septum, distinct from orbital cellulitis; normal vision and eye movement, treated with oral or IV antibiotics.
Periorbital dark circles
Periorbital dark circles (periorbital hyperpigmentation, POH, ICHOR): bilateral darkened eyelid skin from pigment, visible vasculature, or structural shadowing; treated by cause with topicals, lasers, fillers, or surgery.
Periorbital puffiness
Periorbital puffiness, or periorbital edema (bags under the eyes), is swelling around the eye orbit from fluid, fat or inflammation; causes range from aging, salt, sleep loss and allergies to cellulitis, thyroid or renal disease.
Periostitis of orbit
Periostitis of orbit (orbital periostitis) is inflammation of the orbital periosteum, coded ICD-10 H05.03 and ICD-11 9A21.3, usually from trauma or spreading sinus infection, stage II of sinusitic orbital complications.
Peripapillary staphyloma
Peripapillary staphyloma (ORPHA:519400, ICD-10 Q14.2) is a rare congenital optic disc excavation: deep chorioretinal atrophic excavation around a normal disc, normal vessels, no glial tuft, mostly unilateral poor vision, Curtin type III.
Peripartum cardiomyopathy
Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), or postpartum cardiomyopathy, is heart failure with LVEF under 45% arising late in pregnancy or within five months after delivery, with no other cause; incidence about 1 in 2000 births, highest in Nigeria.
Peripartum hysterectomy
Peripartum hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus around the time of childbirth, performed almost always to control life-threatening obstetric hemorrhage, occurring in about 1.1 per 1,000 births worldwide.
Peripartum Period
Peripartum period: the time shortly before, during, and immediately after childbirth (MeSH D058725). Also called peri-partum; distinct from postpartum (mother) and postnatal (baby), with definitions ranging from delivery to 28 days after, or conception to one year postpartum.
Peripatetic school
Peripatetic school: the Aristotelian school founded at the Lyceum in Athens, named for its peripatos walks or walking lectures; scholarchs Theophrastus, Straton, Lyco, Ariston of Ceos, then Roman-era Aristotelian commentary.
Peripatidae
Peripatidae (Audouin & Milne-Edwards, 1832) is one of two velvet worm (Onychophora) families, type genus Peripatus, with a circumtropical range in the Neotropics, Gabon, India, and Southeast Asia; 92 species, 13 genera, least studied onychophoran subgroup.
Peripatoides indigo
Peripatoides indigo (Ruhberg, 1985) is a New Zealand velvet worm, family Peripatopsidae, endemic to northwest South Island, with 15 leg pairs and uniform indigo-blue color; IUCN Vulnerable.
Peripatopsidae
Peripatopsidae (Bouvier, 1905) is the southern, Gondwanan family of velvet worms (Onychophora), sister to circumtropical Peripatidae; found in Australia, Chile, New Zealand, and South Africa, distinct by the late Triassic, with Gondwanan vicariance dominating its phylogeny.
Peripheral and visceral arteriovenous malformation
A peripheral or visceral arteriovenous malformation is a congenital tangle of abnormal blood vessels outside the brain and spinal cord, where arteries connect directly to veins.
Peripheral angiography
Peripheral angiography is a fluoroscopy-guided procedure in which catheter-injected iodinated contrast X-rays arteries outside the heart, most often leg arteries in suspected peripheral artery disease.
Peripheral arteriovenous fistula
Peripheral arteriovenous fistula (FAV periférica, ORPHA:708051) is a rare high-flow vascular anomaly with a direct artery-to-vein connection and no nidus; often asymptomatic, it can cause heart failure and pulmonary hypertension.
Peripheral arteriovenous malformations
Peripheral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), also called peripheral vascular AVMs, are rare fast-flow artery-vein shunts outside the brain, often RAS-pathway driven, treated mainly by ethanol embolization with 69% substantial devascularization.
Peripheral artery aneurysm
A peripheral artery aneurysm is a focal dilation of a non-aortic, non-brain artery, most often popliteal, that tends to clot or shed emboli rather than rupture.
Peripheral artery disease
Peripheral artery disease (PAD), or peripheral arterial disease, is atherosclerotic narrowing of leg arteries causing claudication, ischemia, and amputation risk; diagnosed by ankle-brachial index, treated with exercise, antithrombotics, and revascularization.
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell
Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC): blood cells with round nuclei, lymphocytes, monocytes, NK cells, dendritic cells, isolated by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation for immunology assays, cryopreservation, and single-cell atlases.
Peripheral blood stem cell
Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) are blood-forming stem cells collected from circulating blood by apheresis after G-CSF mobilization, used in PBSCT. Since 1986 they replaced marrow in ~75% of allogeneic transplants, with faster engraftment but more chronic GVHD.
Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation
Peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT, peripheral stem cell support): infusion of blood-collected hematopoietic stem cells after high-dose chemotherapy; autologous, allogeneic, or syngeneic; introduced 1986, largely replaced bone marrow grafts.
Peripheral Catheterization
Peripheral catheterization (MeSH D002406): insertion of a catheter into a peripheral artery, vein, or airway for diagnosis or therapy. Includes PIVCs, arterial lines, PICCs; over 1 billion lines yearly; main risks phlebitis, infiltration, failure.
Peripheral Component Interconnect
Peripheral Component Interconnect, or PCI bus, is a shared parallel computer bus standard for expansion cards, the primary local bus in personal computers and servers from 1992 until 2004.
Peripheral demyelinating neuropathy-central dysmyelinating leukodystrophy-Waardenburg syndrome-Hirschsprung disease
PCWH (OMIM 609136), also called neurologic Waardenburg-Shah syndrome or WS4 plus, is a rare autosomal dominant SOX10-related disorder combining Waardenburg-Shah features with demyelinating neuropathy and central leukodystrophy; fewer than 50 cases reported.
Peripheral magnetic stimulation
Peripheral magnetic stimulation (PMS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation technique that uses high-intensity pulsed magnetic fields to activate peripheral nerves and induce painless muscle contractions, used for pain, rehabilitation, and incontinence.
Peripheral membrane protein
A peripheral membrane protein, or extrinsic protein, binds temporarily to the membrane surface through lipids or integral proteins and is released by high salt or extreme pH.
Peripheral nerve stimulation
Peripheral nerve stimulation (PNS) is a neuromodulation technique that delivers electrical pulses to a named peripheral nerve through a nearby lead, reducing chronic neuropathic pain.
Peripheral nervous system
Peripheral nervous system (PNS): all nerves, ganglia, and nerve endings outside the brain and spinal cord; 31 spinal nerve pairs plus cranial nerves; Schwann-cell myelination enables regeneration the CNS lacks.
Peripheral nervous system neuron
Peripheral nervous system neuron (CL:2000032, PNS neuron) is any neuron that is part of the peripheral nervous system, covering sensory, motor, autonomic, and enteric neurons, mostly neural crest-derived, with 17 known mouse DRG types.