All articles starting with P
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Perito Moreno Gas Pipeline
The Perito Moreno Gas Pipeline (Gasoducto Perito Francisco Pascasio Moreno, GPM) is a natural gas pipeline in Argentina, built and inaugurated in 2023 as the Gasoducto Presidente Néstor Kirchner.
Perito Moreno Glacier
Perito Moreno Glacier (Glaciar Perito Moreno), a 260 km2 freshwater-calving glacier in Los Glaciares National Park, Patagonia, Argentina; stable for a century until 2018, now retreating rapidly.
Peritoneal abscess
Peritoneal abscess (ICD-11 DC50.2), also called intra-abdominal or intraperitoneal abscess, is a localized pus collection in the peritoneal cavity, usually from perforated appendicitis, diverticulitis, or postoperative leaks; diagnosed by CT (adults) or ultrasound (children) and treated with percutaneous drainage.
Peritoneal adhesions
Peritoneal adhesions, also called intra-abdominal or postoperative adhesions, are fibrous scar bands between peritoneal organ surfaces after surgery; they occur after over 50% of abdominal operations, causing bowel obstruction, pain, and infertility, and are prevented mainly by surgical technique and adhesion barriers.
Peritoneal cytology
Peritoneal cytology is the microscopic examination of cells from peritoneal fluid or saline washings taken during surgery to detect free malignant cells, informing cancer staging, resectability, and treatment selection.
Peritoneal dialysis
Peritoneal dialysis (PD), a home-based kidney failure treatment filtering blood through the abdominal peritoneum via a catheter; includes CAPD and automated cycler PD, 4-6 daily exchanges, dextrose or icodextrin solutions, peritonitis as main risk.
Peritoneal equilibration test
The peritoneal equilibration test (PET) is a standardized clinical procedure measuring solute and water transport across the peritoneal membrane during peritoneal dialysis, introduced by Twardowski in 1987.
Peritoneal inclusion cyst
Peritoneal inclusion cyst, also called benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma, is a rare benign cystic peritoneal lesion in premenopausal women, linked to surgery, endometriosis, and pelvic inflammation, with low recurrence under current WHO definitions.
Peritoneal lavage
Peritoneal lavage, or peritoneal washing, is a procedure in which fluid is instilled into and withdrawn from the peritoneal cavity to detect blood, bowel contents, or cancer cells.
Peritoneal macrophage
Peritoneal macrophages are tissue-resident macrophages of the abdominal cavity; mouse LPMs (F4/80hi, GATA6-dependent, embryonic origin, self-renewing) and SPMs (monocyte-derived) clear apoptotic cells, repair injury, and fight infection.
Peritonectomy
Peritonectomy is a surgical oncology procedure that strips resectable peritoneal metastases from the abdominal lining, usually combined with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC), introduced by Paul Sugarbaker in 1995.
Peritoneovenous shunt
The peritoneovenous shunt, also called the LeVeen shunt, is an implanted device that drains ascitic fluid from the abdomen into the central veins through a one-way valve.
Peritoneum
Peritoneum: the serous mesothelial membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity and covering abdominal organs, with parietal and visceral layers, about 1.8 m2 in area, supporting organs, healing rapidly, and serving as the dialysis membrane in peritoneal dialysis.
Peritonitis
Peritonitis is inflammation of the peritoneum, usually bacterial. Covers primary, secondary, tertiary, SBP, and dialysis-related forms, surgical principles from Körte and Kirschner, and mortality falling from near 100% to under 10%.
Peritonitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae
Pneumococcal peritonitis, peritonitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae (ICD-11 DC50.13), a rare 1.3% subset of invasive pneumococcal disease, classified as primary, secondary, or genitourinary, treated with antibiotics and surgery.
Peritonsillar abscess
Peritonsillar abscess, also called quinsy, is a collection of pus between the tonsillar capsule and superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle, most common in young adults and treated with antibiotics plus needle aspiration or incision and drainage.
Peritubular capillaries
Peritubular capillaries are tiny fenestrated blood vessels in the kidney cortex that surround the renal tubules, take up reabsorbed water and solutes, and supply tubular cells with oxygen.
Periurban space
Periurban space, also called peri-urban area, urban fringe, or rurban zone, is the transitional territory between city and countryside where urban and rural land uses mix. Defined variously by density thresholds (0–300 persons/km²), it is the fastest expanding land use globally and a major planning challenge.
Perivascular cell
Perivascular cells are cells adjacent to blood vessels, including pericytes, vascular smooth muscle cells, adventitial fibroblasts, and perivascular macrophages, that regulate vessel integrity, blood flow, fibrosis, inflammation, and stem cell niches.
Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm
Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasm (PEComa), also called perivascular epithelioid cell tumor, is a rare family of mesenchymal tumors with dual melanocytic and smooth muscle differentiation, including angiomyolipoma, clear cell sugar tumor, and lymphangioleiomyomatosis, driven by TSC1/TSC2-mTOR or TFE3 alterations.
Periventricular leukomalacia
Periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), also called encephalopathy of prematurity, is white matter death around the brain ventricles in premature infants, caused by ischemia and infection, diagnosed by ultrasound or MRI, and strongly linked to cerebral palsy.
Periwinkle (Littorinidae)
Periwinkles (Littorinidae) are small intertidal marine snails, over 200 species in 18 genera, that graze algae on rocky shores worldwide; Littorina littorea is a major European hand-harvested food species.
Periya Nambi
Periya Nambi (பெரிய நம்பி), also revered as Mahapoorna, was an eleventh-century Srivaishnava acharya of Srirangam, remembered as the disciple of Alavandar and the initiating acharya of Ramanujacharya.
Periya Puranam
The Periya Puranam (பெரிய புராணம்) is a twelfth-century Tamil poetical hagiography by Sekkizhar, minister to Chola king Kulottunga II, recounting the lives of the 63 Nayanmar Shaiva saints.
Periya Tiruvandadi
Periya Tiruvandadi (also rendered Periya Tiruvantati) is an 87-stanza Tamil devotional poem in the antadi chain form by the saint Nammalvar, part of the Nalayira Divya Prabandham.
Periyalvar
Periyalvar (பெரியாழ்வார்), born Vishnuchittar, was a Vaishnava Alvar saint of Srivilliputtur in the Pandya kingdom, honored at the Madurai court, whose verses open the Nalayira Divya Prabandham.
Periyalvar Tirumoli
Periyalvar Tirumoli (பெரியாழ்வார் திருமொழி) is a Tamil devotional poem of 473 verses by the Alvar saint Periyalvar, part of the Nalayira Divya Prabandham, known for singing of Krishna as a mother would.
Periyar
Periyar, born Erode Venkatappa Ramasamy, was an Indian social reformer and rationalist from Tamil Nadu who founded the Self-Respect Movement in 1925 and led the Dravidar Kazhagam.
Periyar National Park
Periyar National Park (350 km2) is the core of the 777 km2 Periyar Tiger Reserve at Thekkady, Kerala, in the Western Ghats. Known for tigers, elephants, Periyar Lake, and community ecotourism with former poachers.
Perjury
Perjury: the crime of knowingly making a false statement under oath about a material issue in a proceeding. Also called false swearing; related to subornation of perjury. Key elements: oath, falsity, materiality, intent; US federal maximum five years under 18 U.S.C. 1621.